Elbow Injuries in Professional Baseball: Epidemiological Findings From the Major League Baseball Injury Surveillance System

Ciccotti, Michael G.; Pollack, Keisha M; Ciccotti, Michael C.; D’Angelo, John; Ahmad, Christopher S.; Altchek, David W.; Andrews, James R.; Curriero, Frank C.

doi:10.1177/0363546517706964

Cited by 86 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To date, 25% of Major League pitchers and 15% of Minor League pitchers have had Tommy John surgery at some point in their career 5. In a recent comprehensive epidemiological study, Ciccotti et al 18 found that 33%–43% of elbow injuries in US professional baseball require surgery, with UCL reconstruction being the most frequently performed procedure. Although no increase in the frequency of elbow injuries was observed over recent seasons in this population, Erickson et al reported a significant increase in UCL reconstructions performed from 2000 to 2012 5 18 54 55…”

Section: Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent epidemiological study by Ciccotti et al 18 indicated that elbow injuries are the fourth most prevalent type of injury in the US professional baseball population (7.8% in Major League Baseball and 9.8% in Minor League Baseball), accounting for the highest number of days missed of all musculoskeletal injuries. In this population, 39%–53% of elbow ligament injuries require surgery, predominantly in pitchers and primarily involving the UCL 18.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this population, 39%–53% of elbow ligament injuries require surgery, predominantly in pitchers and primarily involving the UCL 18. Epidemiological studies have shown that the number of UCL reconstructions has been rising steadily 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Jobe et al (1986) on reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament in athletes

et al. 2018

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This classic examines the landmark publication ‘Reconstruction of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament in Athletes’ by Jobe et al, published in 1986. Dr Frank W Jobe was the first to perform and describe a standard technique for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction with the use of a figure-of-eight configuration and submuscular ulnar nerve transposition to treat throwing athletes with UCL insufficiency. Before Jobe’s pioneering work, the initial operative approach to patients with UCL tears involved repair of the native ligament. Despite this treatment, injuries of the UCL were considered career-ending in those days. The original article describes the surgical technique for UCL reconstruction and the postoperative rehabilitation and outcomes in 16 throwing athletes, including Major League Baseball pitcher Tommy John (Los Angeles Dodgers). Jobe reported good results, with 10 of the 16 patients returning to their previous level of participation in sports, one patient returning to a lower level of participation and five patients retiring from professional athletics due to reasons not related to the operation. However, a high incidence of ulnar nerve complications was reported, requiring secondary surgery in two patients. In the decades following the original publication by Jobe et al, modifications of the Jobe technique, involving different graft choices, tunnel positions, and graft configurations and fixation methods have resulted in improved clinical results. Originally presented as a treatment option for elite athletes only, UCL reconstruction has gained public interest as incidence rates of ‘Tommy John surgery’ have reached epidemic proportions, especially in high school-aged baseball pitchers in the USA.

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Section: Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Jobe et al (1986) on reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament in athletes

et al. 2018

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“…The overhead throwing athlete must harness a complex transfer of energy which utilizes the entire kinetic chain, requiring muscle activation and sequencing through the lower extremities to the core and trunk to propagate the transfer of power to the upper extremity [1,2]. With repetitive throwing, this transfer of power and subsequent dynamic overload to the upper extremity may cause injury in baseball players, often presenting with shoulder and elbow injuries [3,4]. More recent focus on upstream kinetic chain mechanics has suggested that limited mobility, strength, or conditioning at any point within the kinetic chain can impact the athlete's throwing performance [5•, 6-9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hip and Groin Injuries in Baseball Players

Mlynarek

Coleman

2018

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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(a) Limitations in throwing velocity, pitch control, and bat swing speed may be secondary to decreased mobility and strength within the proximal kinetic chain, which must harness power from the lower extremities and core. (b) Approximately 5.5% of all baseball injuries per year involve the hip/groin and may lead to a significant amount of time spent on the disabled list. Injuries involving the hip and groin are relatively common in baseball players. Our knowledge of the mechanics of overhead throwing continues to evolve, as does our understanding of the contribution of power from the lower extremities and core. It is paramount that the team physician be able to accurately diagnose and treat injuries involving the hip/groin, as they may lead to significant disability and inability to return to elite levels of play. This review focuses on hip- and groin-related injuries in the baseball player, including femoroacetabular impingement, core muscle injury, and osteitis pubis.

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“…Injuries seen in equestrian sports usually involve head and extremities and may require surgical treatment [2,3]. In the literature, injuries in those who are involved in professional sports are described in details, however data on injuries in those who are involved in riding are limited [2,[4][5][6][7]. Although it is a sport branch with high risk, epidemiological studies on injury patterns are rare [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational injury study in jockeys in Turkey: Relationship between experience, type of injury and localization

H¹,

Gümüşsuyu²,

Ozturk³

et al. 2018

biomedicalresearch

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Equestrian sports are known as potentially dangerous sports that are vulnerable to damage to the spine and extremities. The aim of this study is to characterize the type and localization of injuries and evaluate their relationship with occupational experience. In-between 2015-2017, records of orthopedic injuries during horse riding in jockeys were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups according to their professional experience. Winners up to 100 races were classified as amateur (apranti jockey), more than 100 race winners were classified as experienced (jockey). Localizations of injury types were divided into bones and soft tissue, and their relationship between age and experience were statistically evaluated. Eighty-five patients were included in this study. The mean age was 24.6 (17-32). Thirty-nine patients were classified as amateur and 46 patients were classified as experienced. Thirtytwo of 85 patients were treated conservatively. Of the eighty-five patients, 53 were treated with surgical methods. There is no statistically significant difference between experience, type and localization of injuries (p>0.05). The results of this study makes us think that horse sports are open to serious injuries that require surgical treatment and always requires high levels of attention independent from experience.

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Elbow Injuries in Professional Baseball: Epidemiological Findings From the Major League Baseball Injury Surveillance System

Cited by 86 publications

References 29 publications

Review of Jobe et al (1986) on reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament in athletes

Review of Jobe et al (1986) on reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament in athletes

Hip and Groin Injuries in Baseball Players

Occupational injury study in jockeys in Turkey: Relationship between experience, type of injury and localization

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