Kaolinite (Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ) is produced by weathering of continental rocks and is an important constituent of terrigenous sediment flux in subduction zone. It helps in transporting water into the Earth's interior. Kaolinite consists of a layer of silicate tetrahedral (Tet) sheet and a layer of octahedral (Oct) sheet. There are two distinct crystallographic environments for protons: an inner hydroxyl group and an inner surface hydroxyl group that holds together adjacent Tet-Oct layers by hydrogen bonds. We investigate the high-pressure behavior of these two distinct proton environments upon compression up to 9 GPa using a diamond anvil cell and Raman spectroscopy. Upon compression, the hydroxyl stretching region exhibits major changes as kaolinite transitions from the low pressure phase K-I to the intermediate pressure phase K-II at ∼2.9 GPa, and the intermediate pressure phase K-II to the high-pressure phase K-III at ∼6.1 GPa. These are associated with significant changes in the pressure dependence of the hydroxyl modes, thus reflecting the changes in the hydrogen bonding environment (O-H•••O) between the adjacent Tet-Oct••• Tet layers. The K-I phase exhibits strengthening of hydrogen bonds between the Tet-Oct•••Tet layers, i.e., < ν 0 P d d OH . The K-II phase exhibits significantly reduced hydrogen bond strength between the Tet-Oct•••Tet layers, i.e., > ν 0 P d d OH .Based on the static DAC results, we hypothesize that, owing to the reduced strength of hydrogen bonding in the interlayer region of the K-II phase, it acts as a precursor for the super-hydrated kaolinite, where water molecules are intercalated in the interlayers of the K-II phase. To test this hypothesis, we conducted high pressure (P)-temperature (T) experiments with kaolinite and water at conditions relevant to the subduction zones. We explored up to a maximum pressure of ∼4.5 GPa and temperatures up to ∼350 °C. Irrespective of the P-T path undertaken, i.e., compression followed by heating or heating followed by compression, upon cooling "kaolinite + water", we found the appearance of new vibrational modes at ∼3550 and 3650 cm −1 . These new vibrational modes are related to the intercalated water molecules in the super-hydrated kaolinite. This super-hydrated kaolinite phase is likely to subduct significantly more water than the K-I phase.