Elastically and Plastically Foldable Electrothermal Micro‐Origami for Controllable and Rapid Shape Morphing

Yi, Zhu; Birla, Mayur; Oldham, Kenn R.; Filipov, Evgueni T.

doi:10.1002/adfm.202003741

Cited by 59 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Elastomers [37][38][39], resin [40,41], SMP (MPCL) [42], other polymer [43], paper [43,44], micro-and nanofillers [45] Swelling Hydrogels [46][47][48][49][50], paper [43], LCN [51], SMP [48,[52][53][54][55], cross-linked PCL [56], other polymers [43,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]…”

Section: Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal expansion of various materials can be used. Among them, elastomers [37][38][39], resins [40,41] or other polymers [43] have been reported. Paper is commonly used to add asymmetry to the design [43,44] (Section 2.4).…”

Section: Soft Isotropic Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their capabilities is strongly related to the expansive material properties, in particular their CTE. They have been demonstrated at a very small scale and are able to achieve high curvatures with both low [40] and high [41] stiffness materials (Section 2.5).…”

Section: Soft Isotropic Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common example is the use of the Joule effect responsible for local heat generation. In the literature, a significant number of fillers have been reported as active agents, such as nichrome (NiCr) wires [34,159], resistive ink [25], copper wires [75,79,83], silver [93], silver nanoparticle coating [44], silver nanowires [39], gold [41], carbon nanotubes [37,42] or heating fabric [160]. Similarly, carbon black [35] or expanded intercalated graphite [161] can be embedded into an elastomer matrix to create a conductive heating composite material.…”

Section: Nonmechanical Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shape mimicking/self-folding Optics [44,81] Self-assembly-reconfigurable structures [8,41,43,48,57,65,69,69,80,88] Tunable material [59,71] Surgical sutures [66,69] Not specified [89] Origami rigid self-folding Self-tightening knot…”

Section: Configuration Change and Other Motionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Programmable Stimuli-Responsive Actuators for Complex Motions in Soft Robotics: Concept, Design and Challenges

et al. 2020

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During the last years, great progress was made in material science in terms of concept, design and fabrication of new composite materials with conferred properties and desired functionalities. The scientific community paid particular interest to active soft materials, such as soft actuators, for their potential as transducers responding to various stimuli aiming to produce mechanical work. Inspired by this, materials engineers today are developing multidisciplinary approaches to produce new active matters, focusing on the kinematics allowed by the material itself more than on the possibilities offered by its design. Traditionally, more complex motions beyond pure elongation and bending are addressed by the robotics community. The present review targets encompassing and rationalizing a framework which will help a wider scientific audience to understand, sort and design future soft actuators and methods enabling complex motions. Special attention is devoted to recent progress in developing innovative stimulus-responsive materials and approaches for complex motion programming for soft robotics. In this context, a challenging overview of the new materials as well as their classification and comparison (performances and characteristics) are proposed. In addition, the great potential of soft transducers are outlined in terms of kinematic capabilities, illustrated by the related application. Guidelines are provided to design actuators and to integrate asymmetry enabling motions along any of the six basic degrees of freedom (translations and rotations), and strategies towards the programming of more complex motions are discussed. As a final note, a series of manufacturing methods are described and compared, from molding to 3D and 4D printing. The review ends with a Perspectives section, from material science and microrobotic points of view, on the soft materials’ future and close future challenges to be overcome.

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Section: Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soft Isotropic Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soft Isotropic Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonmechanical Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Configuration Change and Other Motionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Programmable Stimuli-Responsive Actuators for Complex Motions in Soft Robotics: Concept, Design and Challenges

et al. 2020

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Reprogrammable Mechanical Metamaterials with Heterogeneous Assembly of Soft Shell‐Based Voxels

Yan

2022

Adv Eng Mater

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Mechanical metamaterials are well studied to enable functions that are difficult to achieve in natural materials, in which reprogramming of specific underlying structures targeting different mechanical responses is particularly challenging. Herein, a heterogeneous voxel assembly‐based 2D mechanical metamaterial is purposed, aiming at a reprogrammable design of the mechanical properties and shape‐morphing simultaneously. In particular, each voxel is structured with a bistable soft shell and soft beams, which can be well controlled to achieve various desirable mechanical properties by a parameterized design method. The engineered metamaterial has a periodic arrangement of the voxel structures that can be transformed into an arbitrary aperiodic architecture with low geometrical frustration in the metamaterial plane by manipulating voxels, in which reprogrammable stiffness and Poisson's ratios, as well as deformation sequences and complex surface textures, can be achieved. In addition, the voxelated assembly has two modes allowing for fine or extensive tuning of the stiffness and the optional generation of 1D or 2D textures. Under this design paradigm, the programmability of multiple mechanical responses can support the development of more intelligent mechanical metamaterials with great potentials to soft robotics and active deformable devices.

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Lower‐Voltage‐Driven Deformable Soft Electrothermal Actuators with Embedded Liquid Metal EGaIn

Zhang

Cheng

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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An interactive human-machine interface (iHMI), a platform for the two-way exchange of information between humans and computers for a variety of symbols and actions, has been the subject of extensive attention. [1,2] Traditionally, rigid sensors and actuators have been used for sensing in iHMI. However, rigid components are often poorly compatible with humans and uncomfortable to wear. Therefore, flexible, stretchable, and deformable actuators have been a focal point in recent studies. Soft actuators play an important role in a variety of fields such as haptic systems, [3,4] soft robots, [5,6] and rehabilitation devices [7,8] due to their low cost, easy deformation, high concealment, and good environmental adaptation. [9,10] Soft actuators can respond to a wide range of stimuli, including electrical [11] and magnetic fields, [12] light [13] and hydraulic pressure, [14] and so on. Based on the types of stimuli, soft actuators can be classified into electrothermal actuators (ETAs), magnetic response actuators, light thermal actuators, electrochemical actuator temperature response actuators, humidity response actuators, and so on. [15][16][17][18] Among them, the ETAs have attracted more interest due to their simple construction and ease of control. As a response to the input electrical signal, the ETAs can generate deformation because of the mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) between different materials/ layers of ETAs when heated. Compared with other electrically responsive actuators, the ETAs can respond to lower voltages rapidly and accurately, indicating these ETAs are more suitable for iHMI. [19] In addition, the highest level of national safety voltage is 6 V, which will not cause harm to human body. Thus, more studies have been carried out focusing on ETAs driven by lower voltage. The key to achieving fast low-voltage-driven ETAs is the acquisition of large, fast temperature increments, which depends on the Joule heat produced by the heating layer/conductive circuit. Thus, designing and fabricating suitable materials for the heating layer/conductive circuit is of significance for lower-voltage-driven ETAs.The conductive composite materials can be obtained by mixing conductive materials (such as carbon nanotubes, [20] silver nanowires, [21] and graphene [22] ) and flexible materials (such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), [23] silicone rubber, and liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) [24] ). Ahn et al. proposed a new deformable ETA utilizing nonhomogeneous electrical conductivity. In the new ETA, carbon nanotubes/silver nanowires/PDMS composites are used as the heating layer, by which the temperature can be increased to up to 120 °C at a driving voltage of 10 V.

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Elastically and Plastically Foldable Electrothermal Micro‐Origami for Controllable and Rapid Shape Morphing

Cited by 59 publications

References 48 publications

Programmable Stimuli-Responsive Actuators for Complex Motions in Soft Robotics: Concept, Design and Challenges

Programmable Stimuli-Responsive Actuators for Complex Motions in Soft Robotics: Concept, Design and Challenges

Reprogrammable Mechanical Metamaterials with Heterogeneous Assembly of Soft Shell‐Based Voxels

Lower‐Voltage‐Driven Deformable Soft Electrothermal Actuators with Embedded Liquid Metal EGaIn

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