“…The PIF is composed of numerous smallest periodic units extending in the planar x and y directions, as shown in Figure 1(d), and one smallest periodic unit can represent the entire PIF according to Bloch–Floquet theory (Golub et al, 2021). On the other hand, PIFs are made of concrete, rubber and steel, which are commonly used materials in civil engineering, and the topology optimization of these three components has a larger search space than that of any two of the components in the search for a more suitable PIF.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Within this context, a novel isolation system inspired by the filtering effect of periodic structures has been proposed (Aravantinos-Zafiris et al, 2021; Chen et al, 2021; Golub et al, 2021). One of the characteristics of periodic structures is the existence of frequency attenuation zones (AZs), that is, frequency regions where waves and vibrations are inhibited or attenuated along their propagation path.…”
The attenuation zones (AZs) of periodic structures can be used for seismic isolation design. To cover the dominant frequencies of more seismic waves, this paper proposes a new type of periodic isolation foundation (PIF) with an extremely wide low-frequency AZ of 3.31 Hz–17.01 Hz composed of optimized unit A with a wide AZ and optimized unit B with a low-frequency AZ. The two kinds of optimized units are obtained by topology optimization on the smallest periodic unit with the coupled finite element-genetic algorithm (GA) methodology. The transmission spectra of shear waves and P-waves through the proposed PIF of finite size are calculated, and the results show that the AZ of the PIF is approximately the superposition of the AZs of the two kinds of optimized units. Additionally, shake tests on a scale PIF specimen are performed to verify the attenuation performance for elastic waves within the designed AZs. Furthermore, numerical simulations show that the acceleration responses of the bridge structure with the proposed PIF are attenuated significantly compared to those with a concrete foundation under the action of different seismic waves. Therefore, the newly proposed PIF is a promising option for the reduction of seismic effects in engineering structures.
“…The PIF is composed of numerous smallest periodic units extending in the planar x and y directions, as shown in Figure 1(d), and one smallest periodic unit can represent the entire PIF according to Bloch–Floquet theory (Golub et al, 2021). On the other hand, PIFs are made of concrete, rubber and steel, which are commonly used materials in civil engineering, and the topology optimization of these three components has a larger search space than that of any two of the components in the search for a more suitable PIF.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Within this context, a novel isolation system inspired by the filtering effect of periodic structures has been proposed (Aravantinos-Zafiris et al, 2021; Chen et al, 2021; Golub et al, 2021). One of the characteristics of periodic structures is the existence of frequency attenuation zones (AZs), that is, frequency regions where waves and vibrations are inhibited or attenuated along their propagation path.…”
The attenuation zones (AZs) of periodic structures can be used for seismic isolation design. To cover the dominant frequencies of more seismic waves, this paper proposes a new type of periodic isolation foundation (PIF) with an extremely wide low-frequency AZ of 3.31 Hz–17.01 Hz composed of optimized unit A with a wide AZ and optimized unit B with a low-frequency AZ. The two kinds of optimized units are obtained by topology optimization on the smallest periodic unit with the coupled finite element-genetic algorithm (GA) methodology. The transmission spectra of shear waves and P-waves through the proposed PIF of finite size are calculated, and the results show that the AZ of the PIF is approximately the superposition of the AZs of the two kinds of optimized units. Additionally, shake tests on a scale PIF specimen are performed to verify the attenuation performance for elastic waves within the designed AZs. Furthermore, numerical simulations show that the acceleration responses of the bridge structure with the proposed PIF are attenuated significantly compared to those with a concrete foundation under the action of different seismic waves. Therefore, the newly proposed PIF is a promising option for the reduction of seismic effects in engineering structures.
“…In the case of EMM with arrays of voids, the analysis similar to the one provided in the previous section can be performed. Based on the previous investigations [ 31 ], three different configurations have been considered: hexagonal and rectangular lattices as well as an oblique lattice with a rhombic channel without voids. For the rectangular lattice, , whereas , and for the hexagonal lattice.…”
Section: Transducer With Emm Intermediate With Arrays Of Crack-like V...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We propose and numerically examine here a novel configuration of a wedge transducer, where EMM insertion is introduced to provide mode conversion and to increase the wave energy transfer into a substrate. Configurations of layered EMMs with crack-like voids are compared here with a traditional configuration with a single piezoelectric actuator since this kind of inhomogeneity can provide strong wave localization and wave energy trapping [ 29 , 30 ] as well as wide band-gaps [ 31 ], which might be employed to enhance the characteristics of ultrasonic transducers.…”
Optimization of the structure of piezoelectric transducers such as the proper design of matching layers can increase maximum wave energy transmission to the host structure and transducer sensitivity. A novel configuration of an ultrasonic transducer, where elastic metamaterial insertion is introduced to provide bulk wave mode conversion and to increase wave energy transfer into a substrate, is proposed. Configurations of layered elastic metamaterials with crack-like voids are examined theoretically since they can provide wide band gaps and strong wave localization and trapping. The analysis shows that the proposed metamaterial-based matching layers can sufficiently change wave energy transmission from a piezoelectric active element for various frequency ranges (relatively low frequencies as well as higher ones). The proposed configuration can also be useful for advanced sensing with higher sensitivity in certain frequency ranges or for demultiplexing different kinds of elastic waves.
“…[22] Golub et al studied the influence of periodic arrays of interface strip-like cracks in layered periodic structures on elastic wave propagation, and found that additional band-gaps would be introduced compared to the case without cracks. [23] Jeon et al used periodic coiling-up space to enhance the down-converted waves. [24] These pioneering researches have enormously deepened our understanding on the consequences of nonlinearity in acoustics.…”
Nonlinear phononic crystals have attracted great interest because of their unique properties absent in linear phononic crystals. However, few researches have considered the bilinear nonlinearity as well as its consequences in acoustic metamaterials. Hence, we introduce bilinear nonlinearity into acoustic metamaterials, and investigate the propagation behaviors of the fundamental and second harmonic waves in the nonlinear acoustic metamaterials by discretization method, revealing the influence of the system parameters. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of partially periodic nonlinear acoustic metamaterials on the second harmonic wave propagation, and the results suggest that pass-band and band-gap can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. Our findings could be beneficial to the band gap control in nonlinear acoustic metamaterials.
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