Elastic (stress–strain) halo associated with ion-induced nano-tracks in lithium niobate: role of crystal anisotropy

Abstract

The elastic strain/stress fields (halo) around a compressed amorphous nano-track (core) caused by a single high-energy ion impact on LiNbO 3 are calculated. A method is developed to approximately account for the effects of crystal anisotropy of LiNbO 3 (symmetry 3m) on the stress fields for tracks oriented along the crystal axes (X, Y or Z). It only considers the zero-order (axial) harmonic contribution to the displacement field in the perpendicular plane and uses effective Poisson moduli for each particular orientation. The anisotropy is relatively small; however, it accounts for some differential features obtained for irradiations along the crystallographic axes X, Y and Z. In particular, the irradiation-induced disorder (including halo) and the associated surface swelling appear to be higher for irradiations along the X-or Y -axis in comparison with those along the Z-axis. Other irradiation effects can be explained by the model, e.g. fracture patterns or the morphology of pores after chemical etching of tracks. Moreover, it offers interesting predictions on the effect of irradiation on lattice parameters.

Bioinspired Special Wettability Surfaces: From Fundamental Research to Water Harvesting Applications

“…To obtain the production of clean water, the collection of fog has attracted increasing attention in the past few decades. Fog is a potential water resource that could be obtained from the ambient environment using existing technologies . In principle, fog is a cloud that is physically in contact with the ground surface.…”

Investigations on ion implantation-induced strain in rotated Y-cut LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 *

“…However, the insert the interstitial He ions rearranged due to the strong anisotropy of LN. [33,34] Different from the ion implantation which is widely used in the CIS of Si or SiC, the ion implantation induced strains in LN appear a distinct gap between main Bragg diffraction peak and the nearby interference fringe, it assumed to be a highly damaged or even amorphous layer which is similar to the ion implanted KTiOPO 4 . [35] Therefore, it is distinguishing from the in-plane state of Si or SiC which is locked to the thick substrate.…”

Determination of track radii and relation to the electronic energy density deposited in swift heavy ion irradiated LiNbO3

“…In order to better evaluate the dependence of track dimension on the electronic energy deposition, the track radius determined in this study and track radii obtained from RBS/c measurements by other researchers for various conditions of SHI irradiations in LiNbO3 [14,29,43,19] are depicted in Fig. 8 versus the corresponding electronic energy loss.…”

“…8: Track radii measured by RBS/c for various irradiation conditions (a) as a function of the energy loss Se, and (b) as a function of the energy density w ~ Se/β 4k , with k empirically determined to be 0.25. The dashed lines in (a), and shaded region in (b) are to guide the eye.The experimental data are taken from Refs [14,19,29,43]…”