Elastic characterization of CVD diamond by static and dynamic measurements

Bruno, Luigi; Pagnotta, Leonardo; Poggialini, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.04.008

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Poisson's ratio of sample NCD is smaller than the measured values for polycrystalline samples 10,11 and even smaller than measurements for other ultrananocrystalline diamond. 12 This might be due to systematic measurement errors and the limited amount of beams measured in our investigation.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 67%

Young's modulus, fracture strength, and Poisson's ratio of nanocrystalline diamond films

Mohr

Caron

Herbeck-Engel

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 67%

Young's modulus, fracture strength, and Poisson's ratio of nanocrystalline diamond films

Mohr

Caron

Herbeck-Engel

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…An accurate value of l ¼ 0.075 has been obtained by measuring two different natural frequencies of a freely vibrating plate and is based on the relations between the mechanical resonance frequencies and the dynamic elastic coefficients. 46 All these values are outside the range 0.2 l 0.5 obtained by classical elasticity theory for the Poisson ratio of isotropic materials. 47 Thus, extremely hard materials, such as diamond, are outside the range that can be described by classical elasticity.…”

Section: Microcrystalline Diamond Filmsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Nonlinear mechanical properties used to characterize diamond are its hardness, normally connected with plastic [43] 0.075 [46] deformation, the fracture toughness, describing the propagation of the tip of an already existing microcrack, and the fracture strength or critical failure stress. In principle, all three properties are connected with irreversible failure and formation of cracks, since, for a brittle material such as diamond, it is very difficult to clearly separate deformation and fracture.…”

Section: Nonlinear Mechanical Behavior Of Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical properties of various chemical vapor deposition diamond structures compared to the ideal single crystal

Hess

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

111

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Bias-enhanced nucleation and growth processes for improving the electron field emission properties of diamond films J. Appl. Phys. 111, 053701 (2012) Direct visualization and characterization of chemical bonding and phase composition of grain boundaries in polycrystalline diamond films by transmission electron microscopy and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 201907 (2011) Impurity impact ionization avalanche in p-type diamond Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 202105 (2011) Ultrathin ultrananocrystalline diamond film synthesis by direct current plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition J. Appl. Phys. 110, 084305 (2011) Diamond nanoparticles with more surface functional groups obtained using carbon nanotubes as sourcesThe structural and electronic properties of the diamond lattice, leading to its outstanding mechanical properties, are discussed. These include the highest elastic moduli and fracture strength of any known material. Its extreme hardness is strongly connected with the extreme shear modulus, which even exceeds the large bulk modulus, revealing that diamond is more resistant to shear deformation than to volume changes. These unique features protect the ideal diamond lattice also against mechanical failure and fracture. Besides fast heat conduction, the fast vibrational movement of carbon atoms results in an extreme speed of sound and propagation of crack tips with comparable velocity. The ideal mechanical properties are compared with those of real diamond films, plates, and crystals, such as ultrananocrystalline (UNC), nanocrystalline, microcrystalline, and homo-and heteroepitaxial single-crystal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond, produced by metastable synthesis using CVD. Ultrasonic methods have played and continue to play a dominant role in the determination of the linear elastic properties, such as elastic moduli of crystals or the Young's modulus of thin films with substantially varying impurity levels and morphologies. A surprising result of these extensive measurements is that even UNC diamond may approach the extreme Young's modulus of singlecrystal diamond under optimized deposition conditions. The physical reasons for why the stiffness often deviates by no more than a factor of two from the ideal value are discussed, keeping in mind the large variety of diamond materials grown by various deposition conditions. Diamond is also known for its extreme hardness and fracture strength, despite its brittle nature. However, even for the best natural and synthetic diamond crystals, the measured critical fracture stress is one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the ideal value obtained by ab initio calculations for the ideal cubic lattice. Currently, fracture is studied mainly by indentation or mechanical breaking of freestanding films, e.g., by bending or bursting. It is very difficult to study the fracture mechanism, discriminating between tensile, shear, and tearing stress components (mode I-III fracture) with these partly semiquantitative methods. A nov...

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“…More recently, Bruno et al [128] have used plates of CVD stressed either statically or dynamically to obtain E and ν to high precision. Steel samples were first used to obtain results, and the values obtained were close to accepted values.…”

Section: Modulus and Poisson Ratio For Cvd Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical and strength properties of diamond

Field

2012

Rep. Prog. Phys.

164

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Diamond is an exciting material with many outstanding properties; see, for example Field J E (ed) 1979 The Properties of Diamond (London: Academic) and Field J E (ed) 1992 The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond (London: Academic). It is pre-eminent as a gemstone, an industrial tool and as a material for solid state research. Since natural diamonds grew deep below the Earth's surface before their ejection to mineable levels, they also contain valuable information for geologists. The key to many of diamond's properties is the rigidity of its structure which explains, for example, its exceptional hardness and its high thermal conductivity. Since 1953, it has been possible to grow synthetic diamond. Before then, it was effectively only possible to have natural diamond, with a small number of these found in the vicinity of meteorite impacts. Techniques are now available to grow gem quality synthetic diamonds greater than 1 carat (0.2 g) using high temperatures and pressures (HTHP) similar to those found in nature. However, the costs are high, and the largest commercially available industrial diamonds are about 0.01 carat in weight or about 1 mm in linear dimension. The bulk of synthetic diamonds used industrially are 600 µm or less. Over 75% of diamond used for industrial purposes today is synthetic material. In recent years, there have been two significant developments. The first is the production of composites based on diamond; these materials have a significantly greater toughness than diamond while still maintaining very high hardness and reasonable thermal conductivity. The second is the production at low pressures by metastable growth using chemical vapour deposition techniques. Deposition onto non-diamond substrates was first demonstrated by Spitsyn et al 1981 J. Cryst. Growth 52 219-26 and confirmed by Matsumoto et al 1982 Japan J. Appl. Phys. 21 L183-5. These developments have added further to the versatility of diamond. Two other groups of materials based on carbon, namely the fullerenes and graphines have been identified in recent years and are now the subject of intense research.

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Elastic characterization of CVD diamond by static and dynamic measurements

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Young's modulus, fracture strength, and Poisson's ratio of nanocrystalline diamond films

Young's modulus, fracture strength, and Poisson's ratio of nanocrystalline diamond films

The mechanical properties of various chemical vapor deposition diamond structures compared to the ideal single crystal

The mechanical and strength properties of diamond

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