Elastic cavitation and fracture via injection

Hutchens, Shelby B.; Fakhouri, Sami; Crosby, Alfred J.

doi:10.1039/c5sm02055g

Cited by 67 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This result could also explain why cavitation experiments in soft gels do not always give good agreement with the long-established result for elastic cavitation in incompressible neo-Hookean solids, that P c /E = 5/6 [10,11,19,20,22]. Our results show that growth pressure is constant, much like cavitation theory.…”

Section: Cavity Growth Is Independent Of the Fracture Energysupporting

confidence: 57%

Extreme cavity expansion in soft solids: Damage without fracture

et al. 2020

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Cavitation is a common damage mechanism in soft solids. Here, we study this using a phaseseparation technique in stretched, elastic solids to controllably nucleate and grow small cavities by several orders of magnitude. The ability to make stable cavities of different sizes, as well as the huge range of accessible strains, allows us to systematically study the early stages of cavity expansion. Cavities grow in a scale-free manner, accompanied by irreversible bond breakage that is distributed around the growing cavity, rather than being localized to a crack tip. Furthermore, cavities appear to grow at constant driving pressure. This has strong analogies with the plasticity that occurs surrounding a growing void in ductile metals. In particular we find that, although elastomers are normally considered as brittle materials, small-scale cavity expansion is more like a ductile process. Our results have broad implications for understanding and controlling failure in soft solids. arXiv:1811.00841v2 [cond-mat.soft]

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Section: Cavity Growth Is Independent Of the Fracture Energysupporting

confidence: 57%

Extreme cavity expansion in soft solids: Damage without fracture

et al. 2020

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“…where γ is the interfacial energy, r is the undeformed radius of the cavity, and λ eq is a factor that accounts for the balance between interfacial energy and elasticity at no applied external pressure (15,17). This equation is plotted in Fig.…”

Section: Cavitation Mechanics and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation in soft matter

Barney

Dougan

McLeod

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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109

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Cavitation is the sudden, unstable expansion of a void or bubble within a liquid or solid subjected to a negative hydrostatic stress. Cavitation rheology is a field emerging from the development of a suite of materials characterization, damage quantification, and therapeutic techniques that exploit the physical principles of cavitation. Cavitation rheology is inherently complex and broad in scope with wide-ranging applications in the biology, chemistry, materials, and mechanics communities. This perspective aims to drive collaboration among these communities and guide discussion by defining a common core of highpriority goals while highlighting emerging opportunities in the field of cavitation rheology. A brief overview of the mechanics and dynamics of cavitation in soft matter is presented. This overview is followed by a discussion of the overarching goals of cavitation rheology and an overview of common experimental techniques. The larger unmet needs and challenges of cavitation in soft matter are then presented alongside specific opportunities for researchers from different disciplines to contribute to the field. soft solids | traumatic brain injury | TBI | rheology | bubble Cavitation is the sudden, unstable expansion of a void or bubble within a liquid or solid subjected to a negative hydrostatic stress. While predominantly studied in fluids, cavitation is also an origin of damage in soft materials, including biological tissues. Examples of cavitation in fluids and soft solids are shown in Fig. 1 A-C. As one key example, strong evidence suggests that cavitation occurs in the brain during sudden impacts, leading to traumatic brain injury (TBI) (3). Research on this life-impacting injury and its relation to cavitation has accelerated in recent years (4-8). A broader and deeper understanding of cavitation within soft matter is necessary to navigate the complex paths that lead to damage in the brain and other soft materials. Cavitation in fluids has been studied extensively since Rayleigh's (9) formulation in 1917, which predicted that the maximum pressure in a cavitating liquid is proportional to the far-field pressure and inversely proportional to the cavity size. As surface energy

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“…This limit corresponds to the energy required to generate new surfaces (e.g., cracks), and the corresponding threshold energy between these regimes constitutes Griffith's criterion: a crack will form and propagate when the elastic strain energy released by crack growth exceeds the surface energy of the new crack. 62,63 Fracture toughness G is the corresponding material property that quantifies a material's resistance to fracture. An accepted quasi-static fracture toughness of G ¼ 6.5 J/m 2 is used for the agar gel, 64 though again our principal conclusions are not strongly sensitive to this particular value.…”

Section: Agar Failure: Griffith's Theoremmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation-induced damage of soft materials by focused ultrasound bursts: A fracture-based bubble dynamics model

Movahed

Kreider

Maxwell

et al. 2016

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A generalized Rayleigh-Plesset-type bubble dynamics model with a damage mechanism is developed for cavitation and damage of soft materials by focused ultrasound bursts. This study is linked to recent experimental observations in tissue-mimicking polyacrylamide and agar gel phantoms subjected to bursts of a kind being considered specifically for lithotripsy. These show bubble activation at multiple sites during the initial pulses. More cavities appear continuously through the course of the observations, similar to what is deduced in pig kidney tissues in shock-wave lithotripsy. Two different material models are used to represent the distinct properties of the two gel materials. The polyacrylamide gel is represented with a neo-Hookean elastic model and damaged based upon a maximum-strain criterion; the agar gel is represented with a strain-hardening Fung model and damaged according to the strain-energy-based Griffith's fracture criterion. Estimates based upon independently determined elasticity and viscosity of the two gel materials suggest that bubble confinement should be sufficient to prevent damage in the gels, and presumably injury in some tissues. Damage accumulation is therefore proposed to occur via a material fatigue, which is shown to be consistent with observed delays in widespread cavitation activity.

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Elastic cavitation and fracture via injection

Cited by 67 publications

References 33 publications

Extreme cavity expansion in soft solids: Damage without fracture

Extreme cavity expansion in soft solids: Damage without fracture

Cavitation in soft matter

Cavitation-induced damage of soft materials by focused ultrasound bursts: A fracture-based bubble dynamics model

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