Elaboration of a pratical method for priority selections and risk assessment among existing chemicals

Sampaolo, A; Binetti, Roberto

doi:10.1016/0273-2300(86)90030-9

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Such indexes are developed by assigning scores to the chemical of consideration as a function of its physical‐chemical, toxicological, and ecotoxicological properties. The scores are then combined through an algorithm to obtain an arbitrary number (index) to be used for comparative purposes [32,33]. Such an approach may be useful for several management purposes [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide risk assessment in a lagoon ecosystem. Part II: Effect assessment and risk characterization

Villa

Vighi

Casini

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Ecotoxicological risk assessment for pesticides was performed on a coastal lagoon ecosystem (Orbetello lagoon, central Italy) according to the procedure described in the European technical guidance document (TGD) on risk assessment for new and existing substances. The procedure was applied to individual chemicals and to a mixture of chemicals with the same toxicological mode of action. Biomarker studies, measuring acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity inhibition, were conducted on Zosterisessor ophiocephalus to compare the results of theoretical risk assessment with experimental measurements of ecotoxicological stress. Value and limitations of the risk assessment procedure and its application to site-specific environmental conditions are discussed. A tool crop risk index (CRI) for assessing the overall impact of pesticide use on a crop is proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scores are then combined through an algorithm to obtain an arbitrary number (index) to be used for comparative purposes [32,33]. Such an approach may be useful for several management purposes [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide risk assessment in a lagoon ecosystem. Part II: Effect assessment and risk characterization

Villa

Vighi

Casini

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…In this case, we try to estimate the probable chemodynamics and effects of compounds based on known relationships between organisms of interest and other members of the class of compounds to which the compound of interest belongs. This is done by relating the functional properties of the class of compounds to toxicity by the use of quantitative structure activity relationships or QSAR for short (McKim et al, 1987;Wallace and Niemi, 1988;Hodson et al, 1988;Purdy, 1987;Lipnick et al, 1986;Thompson et al, 1987;Kaiser, 1987;Lipnick et al, 1985;Newsome et al, 1984;Newsome et al, 1987;Boethling et al, 1988;Kier and Hall, 1976;Hunter et al, 1987;Sampaolo and Binetti, 1986). Unfortunately, many old compounds other than pesticides have not been tested for their potential fate in the environment or toxicity to animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The use of a QSAR system is especially useful to screen large numbers of existing chemicals to identify those that are more likely to cause adverse environmental effects, to identify gaps in the existing fate and effects data and finally to identify and prioritize those chemicals on which limited resources for detailed studies of toxicity and/or environmental fate should be spent (Sampaolo and Binetti, 1986;Hunter et al, 1987;. Such an approach is the one currently favored by the OECD and the German Federal Environment Agency to set priorities for the compounds on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Substances (EINECS; .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of the QSAR modeling system for predicting the toxicity of substances on the European inventory of existing commercial chemicals∗

Fiedler

Hutzinger

Giesy

1990

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Many chemicals are in common commercial use for which no information on the environmental fate or toxicity exists. Recent legislation requires that many substances be assessed for their toxicity to aquatic organisms within a very short time and determine which of these chemicals need to be studied in greater detail. It would be impossible to measure the acute and chronic effects of all of these compounds on a single organism, let alone a battery of different types of organisms, communities or ecosystems. Initially, the chemicals on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS) need to be screened and relative hazard to the environment determined. In response to OECD directives, there has been a great deal of activity by government and industry scientists. At the International Workshop on Advances in Environmental Hazard and Risk Assessment it was concluded that quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) could and should be used in the hazard assessment process. Papers published in that volume outline the advantages, disadvantages, limitations, advances and research requirements.The QSAR, structure-activity based chemical modeling and information system, which was developed by the US-Environmental Protection Agency was used to predict the acute toxicity of 113 substances from the "Old Substances" list of the German government to the four commonly used aquatic toxicity test organisms: Daphnia magna (DM), fathead minnow (FHM), rainbow trout (RBT), and blue-gill sunfish (BG).Of these compounds the QSAR system predicted the acute toxicity of 87 substances towards fathead minnow. For the other three species examined the QSAR system could be used to predict toxicity for 78 compounds.The predicted toxicities were compared to observed toxicities of compounds which have been evaluated and stored in the "Aquire" data base. Observed toxicity values were available for at least one species for 38 compounds. The toxicities of some compounds are well predicted while those of other compounds were not well predicted. Overall, the QSAR system accurately classified the acute toxicity ranges of 50%, 64%, 56% and 56% of the compounds investigated for DM, FHM, RBT and BG, respectively. Of the compounds studied 10 were very poorly predicted, of these the QSAR system overpredicted the toxicity of three, while underpredicting the toxicity of seven. Of these seven compounds, five contained amino groups.

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“…In general, the proposed systems (Sampaolo and Binetti, 1986;Kovach et al, 1992) are based on a development of a score for a set of physico-chemical, toxicological, and ecotoxicological properties of the substances considered. The scores are then combined through an algorithm to obtain a numerical index useful for comparative purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rating Systems for Pesticide Risk Classification on Different Ecosystems

Finizio

Calliera

Vighi

2001

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Elaboration of a pratical method for priority selections and risk assessment among existing chemicals

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Pesticide risk assessment in a lagoon ecosystem. Part II: Effect assessment and risk characterization

Pesticide risk assessment in a lagoon ecosystem. Part II: Effect assessment and risk characterization

Utility of the QSAR modeling system for predicting the toxicity of substances on the European inventory of existing commercial chemicals∗

Rating Systems for Pesticide Risk Classification on Different Ecosystems

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