Elaboration of a conditioned reflex in a single experiment with simultaneous recording of neural activity

Voronin, L. L.; Gerstein, George L.; Kudryashov, I. E.; Ioffe, S.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90324-8

Cited by 38 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The rapidly conditioned blink CR used in these studies had more components than did previous blink CRs acquired after use of the same CS and US without HS (Woody and Brozek, 1969) or with addition of HS at a different IS1 Woody et al, 1983;cf. Voronin and Ioffe, 1974;Voronin et al, 1975). (The CRs produced by pairing click CS and tap US had short-latency components; those produced by adding HS had long-latency components.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the activity of units of the cat motor cortex with rapid conditioning and extinction of a compound eye blink movement

1992

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Patterns of spike activity were measured in the pericruciate cortex of conscious cats before and after development of a Pavlovian conditioned eye blink response. Unit activity was tested with presentations of a click conditioned stimulus (CS) and a hiss discriminative stimulus (DS) of similar intensity to the click. Unit discharge in response to the CS increased after conditioning, but not after backward conditioning when conditioned reflexes (CRs) were not performed. Rates of spontaneous, baseline discharge were not increased after conditioning with respect to rates of discharge measured in the naive state. It appeared that an increase in the ratio of CS-elicited discharge to background activity, together with an increase in the number of units responding to the CS after conditioning, supported discrimination of the CS from the DS and performance of the conditioned blink response. This is the first detailed characterization of patterns of a rapidly conditioned Pavlovian response. Activation of units by the CS preceded the onset of the CR, supporting the hypothesis that the activity played a role in initiating the conditioned eye blink movement. Extinction with retention of performance of the CR was associated with perseverance of the increased unit discharge in response to the CS. Extinction with substantially reduced performance of the CR was associated with diminution of the unit response to the CS below levels found with conditioning. Averages of patterns of spike activity elicited by the CS after conditioning showed components of discharge with onsets of 8–40 msec (alpha 1), 40–72 msec (alpha 2), 72–112 msec (beta), and greater than 112 msec (gamma), corresponding to each of four separate excitatory EMG components of the compound blink CR. Each component increased in magnitude after conditioning, relative to levels found in the naive state. The finding that long- as well as short-latency components of unit activation increased after conditioning supported the hypothesis that generation of both long- and short-latency blink CRs in normal animals may depend significantly on neural circuitry and mechanisms within the motor cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the activity of units of the cat motor cortex with rapid conditioning and extinction of a compound eye blink movement

1992

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“…There is extensive documentation indicating that associative learning alters the responses of sensory systems to stimuli when they acquire behavioral significance (for reviews, see John, 1961;Sokolov, 1977;Thompson, Patterson, & Teyler, 1972;Weinberger & Diamond, 1987). The effects of associative processes on stimulus-evoked activity are prominent at the highest levels of sensory systems, with the most consistent, evidence of plasticity in sensory cortex (e.g., olfactory: Freeman & Skarda, 1985;somatosensory: Oleson, Ashe, & Weinberger, 1975;Voronin, Gerstein, Kudryashov, & Joffe, 1975;visual: Shinkman, Bruce, & Pfingst, 1974;Morrell, Hoeppner, & deToledo-Morrell, 1983). In studies of auditory cortex, which is the most thoroughly investigated sensory cortical region, learning-induced changes in evoked activity have been documented extensively over the last 3 decades (for a review, see Weinberger & Diamond, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of context in the expression of learning-induced plasticity of single neurons in auditory cortex.

Diamond¹,

Weinberger²

1989

Behavioral Neuroscience

133

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Classical conditioning produces frequency-specific plasticity of receptive fields (RFs) of single neurons in cat auditory cortex (Diamond & Weinberger, 1986). In this article we show that although plasticity may be observed during both training trials and determination of RFs, it is usually expressed in a qualitatively different form (e.g., decreased response during conditioning vs. increased response to this same conditioned stimulus in the postconditioning RF). This differential expression of learning-induced plasticity provides evidence for a role of context in neurophysiological mechanisms of learning in auditory cortex. A model of cortical neurons functioning within a mosaic of influences is presented. The Functional Mosaic model views the induction and expression of plasticity as separate processes. In this article we address the role of context in the expression of learning-induced neuronal plasticity. For present purposes, we consider context to refer to the different circumstances under which the same stimulus may be presented. Although the role of context in learning has been studied extensively at the behavioral level in both human and animal studies (see Mackintosh, 1985, for a review), this issue has received attention in studies of the neurobiology of behavior primarily only in the last decade. Specifically, the effects of brain stimulation, lesions, and neurotransmitter depletion on the capacity of animals to use information about contextual cues have become well documented (Archer, Mo

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“…Numerous studies of classical and instrumental conditioning in animals have demonstrated that responses to conditioned and discriminative stimuli in sensory systems are altered systematically by associative processes (for reviews, see John, 1961;Sokolov, 1977;Thompson, Patterson, & Teyler, 1972). Such response plasticity is particularly evident in sensory cortex; it has been documented most extensively in auditory cortex (e.g., Buchwald, Halas, & Schramm, 1966;Cassady, Cole, Thompson, & Weinberger, 1973;Galambos, Sheatz, & Vernier, 1955;Oleson, Ashe, & Weinberger, 1975) and has been reported as well in olfactory (Freeman, 1980), somatosensory (e.g., Voronin, Gerstein, Kudryashov, & Ioffe, 1975), and visual (e.g., Shinkman, Bruce, & Pfingst, 1974) cortices. Thus, sensory responses are affected by two types of variables: (a) the physical parameters of stimuli and (b) the meaning or cue value of stimuli.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological plasticity of single neurons in auditory cortex of the cat during acquisition of the pupillary conditioned response: I. Primary field (AI).

Weinberger¹,

Hopkins²,

Diamond³

1984

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The effects of conditioning on the discharges of single neurons in primary auditory cortex (AI) were determined during acquisition of the pupillary conditioned response in chronically prepared cats. Acoustic stimuli (1-s white noise or tone) were presented with electrodermal stimulation unpaired during a sensitization control phase followed by pairing during a subsequent conditioning phase. Stimulus constancy at the periphery was ensured by the use of neuromuscular blockade. Discharge plasticity developed rapidly for both evoked and background activity, the former attaining criterion faster than the latter. The pupillary dilation conditioned response was acquired at the same rate as were changes in evoked activity (i.e., 10-15 trials) and faster than background activity (i.e., 20-25 trials). Increases in background activity were correlated with increasing level of tonic arousal, as indexed by pretrial size of the pupil.

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Elaboration of a conditioned reflex in a single experiment with simultaneous recording of neural activity

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Changes in the activity of units of the cat motor cortex with rapid conditioning and extinction of a compound eye blink movement

Changes in the activity of units of the cat motor cortex with rapid conditioning and extinction of a compound eye blink movement

Role of context in the expression of learning-induced plasticity of single neurons in auditory cortex.

Physiological plasticity of single neurons in auditory cortex of the cat during acquisition of the pupillary conditioned response: I. Primary field (AI).

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