Elaboration de composite cimentaire à base de diss « Ampelodesma Mauritanica »

Abstract

RésuméLe Diss (Ampelodesmos mauritanicus, famille des Poacées) est une grande graminée répandue dans l'Afrique-du-Nord méditerranéenne et les régions sèches de la Grèce à l`Espagne. En France, on la trouve dans les départements des Alpes-Maritimes, du Var, de la Corse-du-Sud et de l'Hérault. Cette plante était utilisée auparavant dans la réalisation des habitations anciennes de ces régions en raison de ses qualités mécaniques et hydriques. L'utilisation d'une telle plante fibreuse dans une pâte cimentaire offre des résistances aux tractions très intéressantes, qui font de ce matériau léger un excellent remplissage pour les structures soumises aux efforts sismiques. L'objectif de nos travaux était l'élaboration des composites à base de diss dans des matrices cimentaires. Le matériau végétal de base, très fibreux, présente une absorption de l'ordre de 90%. L'utilisation des fibres de diss naturel broyé comme agrégat dans des matrices cimentaires présente un retard de prise assez considérable et des résistances très faibles, alors que les fibres présentent des résistances à la tension considérable. Pour améliorer la contribution des fibres dans les composites à base cimentaire, nous avons donc procédé au traitement par ébullition des fibres de diss pour extraire les substances causes de la mauvaise liaison entre les fibres et la pâte de ciment. Nous avons constaté que le traitement à l'eau bouillie a été très efficace, et a bien amélioré les propriétés mécaniques du composite.Mots-clés : Diss, Ampelodesma mauritanica, fibres lignocellulosiques, déchets de bois, composites. Afrique SCIENCE 04(2) (2008) 231 -245Mouloud MERZOUD et Mohamed Fouzi HABITA. 232 Abstract Developpement of cementious composite based on a Diss (Ampelodesmos mauritanicus)The Diss (Ampelodesmos mauritanicus, family of Poaceae) is a very luxuriant plant growing in wild state around the Mediterranean North Africa and dry areas of Greece and Spain. It grows in France, mainly, in the departments of the Alpes-Maritimes, the Var, the South of Corsica and Herault. In the past, it was used as building material because of its mechanical and hydrous qualities.The use of such a fibrous plant in a cementitious matrix leads to lightweight materials with very attractive tensile behavior that can be used as advantageous filling materials for structures subjected to seismic effects. This paper is focused on the optimisation of this kind of material on the basis of mechanical properties. The basic vegetable material, very fibrous, presents indeed an absorption of about 90% that would be corrected. Moreover, we noted a considerable retardation of setting and very low resistances during the composite tests with natural crushed diss, despite the fact that the fibres have considerable tensile strength. To improve the fibres contribution in cementitious composites, we have carried out a treatment by boiling the fibres of diss to extract the substances responsible for the bad connection between fibres and the cement paste. The results obtained are encouraging and enab...

Study of Some North African Grasses (Ampelodesma mauritanica and Esparto Grass)

“…This plant previously was used in the realization of the old homes of North Africa regions because of its mechanical qualities. Possibly the use of such a fibrous plant in cements paste offers resistances very interesting, which make this material as an excellent filling lightweight for structures subjected to seismic [3]. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of alcohol extracts of aerial parts of Diss plant were examined.…”

The Influence of Chemical and Thermal Treatments on the Diss Fiber Hygroscopic Behaviors

“…This perennial plant belongs to the family Poaceae rich in fibers (Damerdji 2012). Recently, this plant attracted the attention of researchers and particularly to be used as a reinforcement for cement composites (Merzoud and Habita 2008) (Achour, Ghomari, and Belayachi 2017), and polymer composites (Bourahli 2014) (Sarasini et al 2019). In terms of extraction methods, chemical composition, treatments, mechanical and thermal behavior, Diss fibers have been subject to several studies in the literature (Merzoud and Habita 2008) (Bourahli and Osmani 2013) (Achour, Ghomari, and Belayachi 2017) (Sarasini et al 2019) (Nouri et al 2019).…”

“…However, their hygrothermal properties remain not fully explored by the authors. Merzoud and Habita (2008) determined the water saturation rate of crushed Diss fibers and heat-treated ones with boiling water. The authors obtained saturation rates of 92.38% and 90.00% for crushed and heat-treated fibers, respectively.…”

Plant Extraction and Physicochemical Characterizations of Untreated and Pretreated Diss Fibers (Ampelodesmos mauritanicus)

“…The exploitation of these wild plant fibers as a reinforcement to cementitious composites is little studied in the literature and rarely studied for polymer composites. Merzoud and Habita (2008) made a composite from crushed Diss fibers and cement matrix. Recently, Bourahli and Osmani (2013) have carried out an in-depth study of Diss fibers in which their chemical compositions and the tensile strength were determined.…”

“…The lack of a suitable extraction technique for this type of plant, as was observe in the literature, make its industrial exploitation difficult. Merzoud and Habita (2008) crushed the diss plant to have, what they call, diss fibers. Bourahli (2014) used during his thesis dissolutions by retting and soda.…”