Elaboration d'un indice d'exposition a la pollution atmospherique d'origine automobile a l'usage des etudes epidemiologiques

Sacre, Christian; Chiron, Mireille; Flori, Jean-Paul

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(95)04633-c

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We used the ExTra index developed by Sacre et al (1995) to estimate ambient concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides [NO x = nitrogen monoxide (NO) + NO 2 ], taking into account the different places (home and day care) attended by children during their first year of life.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Respiratory Symptoms at 4 Years of Age, and Potential Effect Modification by Parental Allergy, Stressful Family Events, and Sex: A Prospective Follow-up Study of the PARIS Birth Cohort

Rancière

Bougas

Viola

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:The relation between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure and the incidence of asthma/allergy in preschool children has been widely studied, but results remain heterogeneous, possibly due to differences in methodology and susceptibility to TRAP.Objectives:We aimed to study the relation of early TRAP exposure with the development of respiratory/allergic symptoms and asthma during preschool years, and to investigate parental allergy, “stressful” family events, and sex as possible effect modifiers.Methods:We examined data of 2,015 children from the PARIS birth cohort followed up with repeated questionnaires completed by parents until age 4 years. TRAP exposure in each child’s first year of life was estimated by nitrogen oxides (NOx) air dispersion modeling, taking into account both home and day care locations. Association between TRAP exposure and patterns of wheezing, dry night cough, and rhinitis symptoms was studied using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Effect modification by parental history of allergy, stressful family events, and sex was investigated.Results:An interquartile range (26 μg/m3) increase in NOx levels was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of persistent wheezing at 4 years (adjusted OR = 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.47). TRAP exposure was positively associated with persistent wheeze, dry cough, and rhinitis symptoms among children with a parental allergy, those experiencing stressful family events, and boys, but not in children whose parents did not have allergies or experience stressful events, or in girls (all interaction p-values < 0.2).Conclusions:This study supports the hypothesis that not all preschool children are equal regarding TRAP health effects. Parental history of allergy, stressful family events, and male sex may increase their susceptibility to adverse respiratory effects of early TRAP exposure.Citation:Rancière F, Bougas N, Viola M, Momas I. 2017. Early exposure to traffic-related air pollution, respiratory symptoms at 4 years of age, and potential effect modification by parental allergy, stressful family events, and sex: a prospective follow-up study of the PARIS birth cohort. Environ Health Perspect 125:737–745; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP239

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Respiratory Symptoms at 4 Years of Age, and Potential Effect Modification by Parental Allergy, Stressful Family Events, and Sex: A Prospective Follow-up Study of the PARIS Birth Cohort

Rancière

Bougas

Viola

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Based on the same principles, Buckland ( 1998) formulated AEOLIUS, which has been mainly used in the UK (Manning et al, 2000). Other authors (Sacré et al, 1995;Vardoulakis et al, 2002b) have presented slightly modified versions of OSPM. Kono and ko (1990a) presented the OMG VOLUME-SOURCE model, a microscale dispersion model that estimates concentrations of traffic-related pollutants in an urban area within 200 m from the roadside.…”

Section: Reduced-scale Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review

Vardoulakis

Fisher

Pericleous

et al. 2003

Atmospheric Environment

944

463

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High pollution levels have been often observed in urban street canyons due to the increased traffic emissions and reduced natural ventilation. Microscale dispersion models with different levels of sophistication may be used to assess urban air quality and support decision making for pollution control strategies and traffic planning. Mathematical models calculate pollutant concentrations by solving either analytically a simplified set of parametric equations or numerically a set of differential equations that describe in detail wind flow and pollutant dispersion. Street canyon models, which might also include simplified photochemistry and particle deposition-resuspension algorithms, are often nested within larger-scale urban dispersion codes. Reduced-scale physical models in wind tunnels may also be used for investigating atmospheric processes within urban canyons and validating mathematical models. A range of monitoring techniques is used to measure pollutant concentrations in urban streets. Point measurement methods (continuous monitoring, passive and active pre-concentration sampling, grab sampling) are available for gaseous pollutants. A number of sampling techniques (mainly based on filtration and impaction) can be used to obtain mass concentration, size distribution and chemical composition of particles. A combination of different sampling monitoring techniques is often adopted in experimental studies. Relatively simple mathematical models have usually been used in association with field measurements to obtain and interpret time series of pollutant concentrations at a limited number of receptor locations in street canyons. On the other hand, sophisticated numerical codes have often been applied in combination with wind tunnel and/or field data to simulate small-scale dispersion within the urban canopy.

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“…It has enabled us to determine the mean O3 levels for all the districts in which our study groups live and/or work. This finding, in conjunction with the factors influencing O3 levels, can be used to establish an exposure index to assess the level of personal exposure of city dwellers to atmospheric pollution (19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, urban NO2 pollution caused by motor vehicle traffic and other combustion installations reaches a mean annual background level of 50 µg/m 3 and a mean annual level of 80 µg/m 3 when measurements are taken close to busy roads. The data on O3 concentrations were provided by the AMPADI-LR stations at sites 19, 29, 25, and 61, three of which (19,25,29) are in the city center. The mean hourly concentration of O3 was 53 µg/m 3 in summer (May to October) and 30 µg/m 3 in winter (November to April).…”

Section: T H Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Measurement with Passive Samplers: Validation and Use for Ozone Pollution Assessment in Montpellier, France

Bernard

Gerber

Astre

et al. 1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The objective of this pilot study was to determine a way of assessing personal exposure to ozone (O3) for use in a study of O3 effects on health. Passive samplers (Passam, AG) were used to measure pollution levels in Montpellier, France. They were standardized using an O3 analyzer. Blanks and duplicates were tested to evaluate sensitivity (6.6 μg/m3) and imprecision (2 μg/m3). They were validated by comparing on-site measurements with those of the automatic UV absorption analyzers of the regional air quality network (AMPADI-LR). The correlation coefficient was r = 0.9, p < 10-3, and the regression coefficient was close to 1. The on-site measurements provided information about local pollution. Distance from NO2 sources (urban traffic) and sunlight intensity were identified as environmental determinants of O3 pollution. Residential microenvironmental concentrations and personal exposure were measured for 110 subjects. The indoor/outdoor ratio is higher than in Mexico City and higher than in Toronto in summer but comparable with that in Toronto in winter. The relationship between personal exposure and indoor home measurements is closer than that between personal exposure and outdoor home environment measurements. This is especially true for the spring and summer months, when the correlation between indoor and outdoor measurements is low (r = 0.23, p < 0.05). At the workplace, on the other hand, there is a close correlation between indoor and outdoor ozone measurements in summer (r = 0.80, p < 0.001), as there is between personal exposure and outdoor measurements (r = 0.60, p < 0.001).

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Elaboration d'un indice d'exposition a la pollution atmospherique d'origine automobile a l'usage des etudes epidemiologiques

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Early Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Respiratory Symptoms at 4 Years of Age, and Potential Effect Modification by Parental Allergy, Stressful Family Events, and Sex: A Prospective Follow-up Study of the PARIS Birth Cohort

Early Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Respiratory Symptoms at 4 Years of Age, and Potential Effect Modification by Parental Allergy, Stressful Family Events, and Sex: A Prospective Follow-up Study of the PARIS Birth Cohort

Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review

Ozone Measurement with Passive Samplers: Validation and Use for Ozone Pollution Assessment in Montpellier, France

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