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Chan, June M.; Pietinen, Pirjo; Virtanen, Mikko; Malila, Nea; Tangrea, Joseph A.; Albanês, Demetrius; Virtamo, Jarmo

doi:10.1023/a:1008947201132

Cited by 114 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The discrepancy in results may be due to the fact that we classified advanced disease based on TNM stage and Gleason grade, whereas Mitrou et al’s definition was based solely on the former criterion. In our study, there was no association between red meat and prostate cancer risk, which is consistent with a prior ATBC publication based on only 184 cases 32 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Estimated phytanic acid intake and prostate cancer risk: A prospective cohort study

Wright

Bowen

Virtamo

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Phytanic acid is a saturated fatty acid found predominantly in red meat and dairy products and may contribute to increases in prostate cancer risk that are observed with higher intakes of these foods. We constructed a novel summary measure of phytanic acid intake and prospectively examined its association with prostate cancer risk in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study – a cohort of Finnish male smokers ages 50–69 years. Diet was assessed at baseline in 27,111 participants using a validated 276-item dietary questionnaire. Since phytanic acid is not currently included in food composition tables, we used the published phytanic acid content of 151 major food items to estimate total daily intake. During up to 20 years of follow-up, a total of 1,929 incident prostate cancer cases (including 438 advanced cases) were identified. Higher phytanic acid intake, though unrelated to the risk of localized disease [relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for increasing quartiles of intake = 1.00 (ref), 0.83 (0.68–1.01), 0.76 (0.62–0.94), and 0.91 (0.74–1.13); p trend = 0.23], was associated with increased risks of advanced prostate cancer [RR and 95% CI = 1.00 (ref), 1.43 (1.09–1.89), 1.31 (0.99–1.75), and 1.38 (1.02–1.89); p trend = 0.06]. This association appeared to be driven predominantly by phytanic acid obtained from dairy products (particularly butter). Our study indicates that phytanic acid may contribute to previously observed associations between high-fat animal foods (particularly dairy products) and prostate cancer risk, although some caution is warranted as it may be acting as a surrogate marker of dairy fat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Estimated phytanic acid intake and prostate cancer risk: A prospective cohort study

Wright

Bowen

Virtamo

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…The mean age of Pca cases was about 60.60 years and the mean follow-up period was 9.2 years. Four studies [ 29 , 30 , 33 , 37 ] measured fat intake with energy percentages and the remaining 10 measured grams [ 8 , 32 , 34 – 36 , 38 – 41 ]. All of the studies were conducted in America or European countries and America (America and Canada) contributed 84.71% of total cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat Intake Is Not Linked to Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Han

Zeng

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundSince the late 1960s, the average global supply of fat has increased by 20 g per capita per day. While fat intake has been considered a potential risk factor for prostate cancer (Pca), the hypothesis from previous epidemiologic studies remained equivocal.Materials and MethodsRelevant cohort studies were identified through a literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library up to March 1, 2015. A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis were used to assess the relationship between fat intake and the risk for Pca.ResultsWe identified 14 cohort studies, which included 37,349 cases and a total of 751,030 participants. We found no evidence of a non-linear association between fat intake and the risk for Pca. Overall, the summarized relative risks for every 28.35 g increment a day was 0.99 (95%CI: 0.98, 1.01; P=0.94; n=13) for total fat intake, 1.00 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.00; P=0.72; n=9) for saturated fat, 0.99 (95%CI: 0.95, 1.03; P=0.55; n=7) for polyunsaturated fat, and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.95, 1.04; P=0.85; n=8) for monounsaturated fat. Additionally, there was no link to the risk for advanced stage Pca regarding total fat intake (RR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.96, 1.08; P=0.63; n=5), saturated fat (RR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.84, 1.11; P=0.61; n=6), polyunsaturated fat (RR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.79, 1.17; P=0.68; n=6), or monounsaturated fat (RR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.86, 1.07; P=0.42; n=6). Subgroup and sensitively analyses showed consistent results.ConclusionLittle evidence from published cohort studies supports the statement that total fat, saturated fat or unsaturated fat intake increases the risk for Pca or advanced stage Pca.

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“…66 These data may partly explain our results for vitamin D and calcium and NHL risk. However this mechanism has been investigated more extensively in studies of prostate cancer 67,68 with data showing a complex relationship among vitamin D receptors, calcium and vitamin D metabolite levels that is tissue specific. Interestingly, one NHL study to investigate vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms showed some evidence that sun exposure and vitamin D intake may increase risk of FL among carriers of a variant allele in VDR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of Vitamins D and A and Calcium and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: San Francisco Bay Area Population-Based Case-Control Study

Mikhak

Bracci

Gong

2012

Nutrition and Cancer

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Several nutrients identified as potentially cancer protective have been inconsistently associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk. Dietary history data, including use of vitamin supplements, were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire administered during in-person interviews with 4,133 participants (2052 cases, 2081 controls) in a San Francisco Bay Area population-based case-control. Data were used to determine the association of intake levels of vitamins D, A and calcium with risk of NHL and NHL subtypes. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed as estimates of relative risk using adjusted unconditional logistic regression. Increasing vitamin D intake from food and supplements was positively associated with NHL risk in men (5th quintile: OR=1.6, 95% CI= 1.0-2.4, Ptrend=0.07) and with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in women and men (5th quintile: OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.0-2.5, Ptrend=0.02), that was largely due to the effect in men (Ptrend=0.03). These results do not support a strong role for vitamin D intake with NHL risk with the exception of a potential association for DLBCL risk in men. Our results should be interpreted conservatively until further investigation in larger pooled studies can be conducted to better assess the role of vitamin D intake in lymphomagenesis.

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Abstract: This study provides, at best, only weak evidence for the hypothesis that calcium and phosphorus are independently associated with prostate cancer risk, but suggests that there may be an interaction between these nutrients.

Cited by 114 publications

References 31 publications

Estimated phytanic acid intake and prostate cancer risk: A prospective cohort study

Estimated phytanic acid intake and prostate cancer risk: A prospective cohort study

Fat Intake Is Not Linked to Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Intake of Vitamins D and A and Calcium and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: San Francisco Bay Area Population-Based Case-Control Study

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