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Vaahtovuo, Jussi; Toivanen, Paavo; Eerola, Erkki

doi:10.1023/a:1012058107731

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Relevant studies in broilers have confirmed increasing bacterial diversity and succession with age, and the current findings are in agreement with this (21,24,29). The increased diversification and succession of the bacterial community structure reflect the development of the immature cecal microflora toward a more mature and stable flora, a characteristic demonstrated in the juveniles of many species, including mice and humans (30,31). Host physiology has been shown to have an impact on the development of the gastrointestinal microbiota (32).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Phylogenetic and Functional Alterations in Bacterial Community Compositions in Broiler Ceca as a Result of Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation

Corrigan

Leeuw²,

Penaud-Frézet

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cThis study focused on identifying reproducible effects of dietary supplementation with a mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the broiler cecal bacterial community structure and function in a commercial production setting. Two separate trials, each with a control and a supplemented group, were carried out in the same commercial location and run concurrently. Approximately 10,000 birds from the same commercial hatchery were mirror imaged into each of four commercial broiler sheds and fed either a control or supplemented diet. Cecal contents were obtained on days 7, 21, and 35 posthatch from 12 randomly caught broilers from each group. Bacterial pyrosequencing was performed on all samples, with approximately 250,000 sequences obtained per treatment per time point. The predominant phyla identified at all three time points in both trials were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes, representing >99% of all sequences. MOS supplementation altered the bacterial community composition from 7 days supplementation through 35 days supplementation. Bacteroidetes appeared to be replacing Firmicutes as a result of supplementation, with the most noticeable effects after 35 days. The effects of supplementation were reproducible across both trials. PICRUSt was used to identify differences between the functional potentials of the bacterial communities as a result of MOS supplementation. Using level 3 KEGG ortholog function predictions, differences between control and supplemented groups were observed, with very strong segregation noted on day 35 posthatch in both trials. This indicated that alterations of bacterial communities as a result of MOS are likely to alter the functional capability of the cecum. The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a vital role in nutritional, physiological, and protective functions in animals (1). An understanding and a description of the intestinal microbial communities in broilers are important for the development of new feed additives and the appropriate manipulation of diets to improve broiler performance, health, and welfare (2). The intestinal microbiota has a major impact on the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary components by consuming, storing, and circulating nutrients effectively, while also impacting the host's ability to resist infection, thereby making an essential contribution to host health and performance (3). Poor intestinal health in poultry is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious disease and colonization by pathogens (4). Bacterial-disease outbreaks impose significant constraints on poultry production, adversely impacting the poultry industry by reducing animal welfare and productivity through disease, poor digestion, and poor nutrient absorption. This, in turn, can lead to significant losses for the farmer and can increase the potential for the contamination of poultry products marketed for human consumption (5).Traditionally, antibiotics have been used in poultry feed at subtherapeutic levels to prevent clinical and subclini...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Phylogenetic and Functional Alterations in Bacterial Community Compositions in Broiler Ceca as a Result of Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation

Corrigan

Leeuw²,

Penaud-Frézet

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Age has been reported as a determinant of microbiota composition in mice [36], [37]. The MHH2009 group contained mice of two different ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Interleukin-10 Deficient C57BL/6J Mice and Susceptibility to Helicobacter hepaticus-Induced Colitis

et al. 2013

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The mouse pathobiont Helicobacter hepaticus can induce typhlocolitis in interleukin-10-deficient mice, and H. hepaticus infection of immunodeficient mice is widely used as a model to study the role of pathogens and commensal bacteria in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. C57BL/6J Il10−/− mice kept under specific pathogen-free conditions in two different facilities (MHH and MIT), displayed strong differences with respect to their susceptibilities to H. hepaticus-induced intestinal pathology. Mice at MIT developed robust typhlocolitis after infection with H. hepaticus, while mice at MHH developed no significant pathology after infection with the same H. hepaticus strain. We hypothesized that the intestinal microbiota might be responsible for these differences and therefore performed high resolution analysis of the intestinal microbiota composition in uninfected mice from the two facilities by deep sequencing of partial 16S rRNA amplicons. The microbiota composition differed markedly between mice from both facilities. Significant differences were also detected between two groups of MHH mice born in different years. Of the 119 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that occurred in at least half the cecum or colon samples of at least one mouse group, 24 were only found in MIT mice, and another 13 OTUs could only be found in MHH samples. While most of the MHH-specific OTUs could only be identified to class or family level, the MIT-specific set contained OTUs identified to genus or species level, including the opportunistic pathogen, Bilophila wadsworthia. The susceptibility to H. hepaticus-induced colitis differed considerably between Il10−/− mice originating from the two institutions. This was associated with significant differences in microbiota composition, highlighting the importance of characterizing the intestinal microbiome when studying murine models of IBD.

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“…The bird Sass died several weeks after the collection of faecal samples, but not due to pathogen-related illness, and had not been treated with antibiotics prior to sampling (which can disrupt the GIT community [44], [45]). Subject age has been linked to a shift in the bacterial gut community in humans [46], [47] and mice [48], so it is conceivable that such a community change may be a natural phenomenon. While functional roles of the bacteria detected in this study can only be speculated upon, those bacteria encountered in the kakapo GIT correspond to genera commonly observed in other herbivores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While several studies have highlighted differences between bacterial recovery from mucosal biopsies and faecal samples [7], [69], this appears to be due to faecal samples containing not only mucosa-associated bacteria that have been shed into the faeces, but also bacteria that colonize the faecal substrate directly. Community data taken from faecal samples contains a reasonable representation of microbes within the hindgut, and differences in faecal microbiota (both at presence/absence and functional levels) have been shown to reflect differences in the intestinal tract of the host [48], [70], although it must be stressed that they do not provide an exact representation of microbial community structure and function within the intestine itself. Based on unweighted UniFrac analysis it appears that the faecal bacterial communities of adults and chick kakapo are not significantly different, which may indicate a vector for inoculation of kakapo chicks with their parents' microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome of the Critically Endangered New Zealand Parrot, the Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus)

2012

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The kakapo, a parrot endemic to New Zealand, is currently the focus of intense research and conservation efforts with the aim of boosting its population above the current ‘critically endangered’ status. While virtually nothing is known about the microbiology of the kakapo, given the acknowledged importance of gut-associated microbes in vertebrate nutrition and pathogen defense, it should be of great conservation value to analyze the microbes associated with kakapo. Here we describe the first study of the bacterial communities that reside within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of both juvenile and adult kakapo. Samples from along the GIT, taken from the choana (≈throat), crop and faeces, were subjected to 16 S rRNA gene library analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of >1000 16 S rRNA gene clones, derived from six birds, revealed low phylum-level diversity, consisting almost exclusively of Firmicutes (including lactic acid bacteria) and Gammaproteobacteria. The relative proportions of Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria were highly consistent among individual juveniles, irrespective of sampling location, but differed markedly among adult birds. Diversity at a finer phylogenetic resolution (i.e. operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of 99% sequence identity) was also low in all samples, with only one or two OTUs dominating each sample. These data represent the first analysis of the bacterial communities associated with the kakapo GIT, providing a baseline for further microbiological study, and facilitating conservation efforts for this unique bird.

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Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Phylogenetic and Functional Alterations in Bacterial Community Compositions in Broiler Ceca as a Result of Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation

Phylogenetic and Functional Alterations in Bacterial Community Compositions in Broiler Ceca as a Result of Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation

Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Interleukin-10 Deficient C57BL/6J Mice and Susceptibility to Helicobacter hepaticus-Induced Colitis

Gut Microbiome of the Critically Endangered New Zealand Parrot, the Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus)

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