El populismo como lógica hegemónica: una mirada a la perspectiva teórica elaborada por Ernesto Laclau

Abstract

ResumenEn este artículo se presenta una reflexión acerca de la teoría del populismo elaborada por Ernesto Laclau, como una perspectiva analítica que permite restituir el carácter político del mismo. Para llevar a cabo esto, se rastrea y explica la importancia de categorías como hegemonía y articulación en el pensamiento de Laclau, su viraje en el análisis de la constitución de las identidades políticas, pasando del grupo a la demanda como unidad análisis y, por último, la centralidad del lenguaje y el discurso como elementos configurantes de la realidad social.Palabras clave: Populismo, hegemonía, articulación, discurso. El populismo como lógica hegemónica: una mirada a la perspectiva teórica elaborada por Ernesto Laclau 246Populism as a Hegemonic Logic:A look at the theory and viewpoints as developed by Ernesto Laclau AbstractThis article presents a reflection about the theory of populism developed by Ernesto Laclau, as an analytical perspective allowing the restoration of the political nature thereof. For the foregoing to be carried out, the importance of categories such as hegemony and articulation, its turn regarding the analysis of the constitution of the political identities, going from the group to the demand as an analysis unit are tracked and explained the in the Laclau thought; and finally, the language centrality and discourse as elements configuring the social reality.

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“…In this way, it is possible to articulate a populist discourse that constructs a political subject (the people), that is contingent and heterogeneous. The constitution of this political subject results in two antagonistic identities (one's own side and the enemy), not determined previously by social class (López, 2014). It is therefore a process of articulation in which both transformative projects and those that reinforce the status quo compete for hegemony.…”