El Pirineo Aragonés como paisaje cultural

Ruiz, José María García; Lasanta, T.

doi:10.3989/pirineos.2018.173005

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…The analysis of suspended sediment yield from the AVES reveals that cultivation of steep slopes contributes heavily to soil erosion, with higher soil losses from the cereal, fallow land and active shifting agriculture plots [17,56,63]. In particular, shifting agriculture yielded very high quantities of suspended sediment, explaining why a stone paving completely covered the soil surface in the areas that were cultivated in the past with slash-and-burn practices and the general landscape disturbance in the most marginal mountain areas [62,64]. Conversely, sediment yield from scarcely disturbed areas showed very low erosion rates.…”

Section: Implications For Land Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Runoff and Solute Outputs under Different Land Uses: Long-Term Results from a Mediterranean Mountain Experimental Station

Nadal‐Romero¹,

Khorchani²,

Lasanta³

et al. 2019

Water

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Water availability and quality in Mediterranean environments are largely related to the spatial organisation of land uses in mountain areas, where most water resources are generated. However, there is scant data available on the potential effects of land use changes on surface water chemistry in the Mediterranean mountain region. In order to address this gap in the research, this study investigates the effects of various mountain Mediterranean land covers/land uses on runoff water yielded and water chemistry (solute concentrations and loads) using data from the Aísa Valley Experimental Station (Central Pyrenees) for a long-term period (1991–2011). Nine land covers have been reproduced in closed plots, including dense shrub cover, grazing meadows, cereal, fallow land, abandoned field, shifting agriculture (active and abandoned) and 2 burned plots (one burned in 1991 and the second one burned twice in 1993 and 2001). Results show that all solute concentrations differed among land uses, with agricultural activity producing significantly higher solute loads and concentrations than the other types. Two groups have been identified: (i) the lowest solute concentrations and the smallest quantities of solute loads are recorded in the dense shrub cover, the plot burned once (at present well colonized with shrubs), meadows and abandoned field plots; (ii) the plot burned twice registered moderate values and the highest solute concentrations and loads are found in cereal, fallow land and shifting agriculture plots. Water chemistry is clearly dominated by Ca2+ and HCO3− concentrations, whereas other solutes are exported in very low quantities due to the poor nutrient content of the soil. These results complete the information published previously on soil erosion under different land uses in this experimental station and help to explain the evolution of land cover as a consequence of shifting agriculture, cereal farming on steep slopes and the use of recurrent fires to favour seasonal grazing. They also suggest that promoting the development of grazing and cutting meadows is a good strategy to reduce not only soil erosion but also the loss of nutrients.

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Section: Implications For Land Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Runoff and Solute Outputs under Different Land Uses: Long-Term Results from a Mediterranean Mountain Experimental Station

Nadal‐Romero¹,

Khorchani²,

Lasanta³

et al. 2019

Water

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“…Gill (2006) says that the concept of "forest" in Europe refers to places with trees and herbivores, which is more like a park or savannah than a closed space of trees. Similarly, it is argued that the most common landscape in Mediterranean regions is cultural, due to agriculture on the slopes and extensive livestock grazing (Farina, 2007;San Miguel-Ayanz et al, 2010;García-Ruiz and Lasanta, 2018).…”

Section: Two Different Trends: Rewilding or Intervention In The Terrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, Song et al (2018) calculate that tree cover worldwide increased by 2.24 million km 2 (+7.1%), while bare soils decreased by 1.16 million km 2 (-31%) between 1982 and 2016. However, in developed countries, rewilding can have several negative effects, among which are: i) loss of cultural landscape and the knowledge required to manage its preservation (Strijker, 2005;Arnáez et al, 2011;Lasanta et al, 2017a;García-Ruiz and Lasanta, 2018); ii) a reduction in bio-and eco-diversity in the medium-and long-term (Suárez-Seoane et al, 2002;Laiolo et al, 2004;Nikodemus et al, 2005;Cohen et al, 2011); iii) homogenization of the landscape (Meeus et al, 1990;Vicente-Serrano et al, 2000;Wood and Handley, 2001;Jongman, 2002;Van Eetvelde and Antrop, 2003;Varga et al, 2018); iv) loss of agricultural land and pasture resources, essential for sustainable development of mountain communities (García-Ruiz and Lasanta-Martínez, 1993;Laguna and Lasanta, 2003;García-Martínez et al, 2008); v) water flow reduction in the rivers and decrease of water in river basins, due to interference and consumption by vegetation, which is especially important in Mediterranean areas where water is in short supply ; vi) fewer environmental and leisure services (Benjamin et al, 2007;Rescia et al, 2008;Sayadi et al, 2009;Bernués et al, 2014); and vii) an increase in natural risks, such as increased pests and diseases, but more particularly, forest fires (Westerling et al, 2006;Chauchard et al, 2007;Pausas et al, 2008;Varga et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gestión activa frente a matorralización: buscando el equilibrio entre conservación y explotación en montaña

Lasanta

2019

CIG

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The mountains of Europe, especially in the Mediterranean, have undergone a significant process of revegetation since the mid-20 th century with the spread of shrublands and forests in succession stages. This leads to negative effects (degradation of pasture, accumulation of biomass with the subsequent increase in fire risk, loss or trivialized of cultural landscapes, etc.) and other positive ones (greater rewilding of landscapes, recovery of forest life, more CO 2 fixation, less soil erosion, etc.). Thus, two alternatives must be put forward: either allow the rewilding process to continue, or intervene in the region to reduce the negative effects of revegetation.In this paper, the literature forms the base for a discussion on the main interventions in the territory: extensive livestock grazing, combined with prescribed fires and shrub clearing. Prescribed fires are found to be insufficient to control the spread of shrublands, and in some cases promotes its regrowth (Echinospartum horridum), as well as degrading the pasture land and increasing soil erosion. On the other hand, clearing shrubland has positive effects: a reduction in wildfires, increased livestock numbers, and improved indicators of heterogeneity and fragmentation of the landscape. Gestión activa frente a matorralización: buscando el equilibrio entre conservación y explotación en montañaRESUMEN. Las montañas europeas, especialmente las mediterráneas, experimentan un importante proceso de revegetación desde mediados del siglo XX, con el avance de matorrales y bosques de sucesión. Ello implica unos efectos negativos (degradación de pastos, acumulación de biomasa, con el incremento del riesgo de incendios, pérdida o banalización de paisajes cul-turales…) y positivos (mayor naturalización del paisaje, recuperación de la vida silvestre, mayor fijación de CO 2 , disminución de la erosión del suelo…). De ahí, que se planteen dos alternativas: dejar que el proceso de revegetación continúe o intervenir en el territorio para disminuir los efectos negativos de la revegetación. Lasanta 424 Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45 (2), 2019, pp. 423-440En este trabajo se discute, a partir de la literatura, sobre las principales intervenciones en el territorio: ganadería extensiva en combinación con quemas prescritas y desbroce de matorrales. Se señala que las quemas prescritas resultan insuficientes para controlar la expansión de matorrales, favoreciendo en algunos casos (Echinospartum horridum) su rejuvenecimiento, además de degradar la comunidad de pastos e incrementar la erosión del suelo. El desbroce de matorrales, por el contrario, muestra efectos positivos: disminución de incendios, aumento de los censos ganaderos e incremento en los índices de heterogeneidad y fragmentación del paisaje.

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“…Mediterranean mountain landscapes in Europe have been created through human use over thousands of years (López de Calle et al, 2001;Svenning, 2002;Blondel, 2006;Kaplan et al, 2009;Ejarque et al, 2010;García-Ruiz and Lasanta, 2018). During several centuries, the inhabitants led almost self-sufficient lives and had to make use of most of the local resources, sometimes with cattle and crops, or just by direct exploitation of the natural resources: wood, firewood, charcoal production, wild mushrooms, hunting, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearing shrubland as a strategy to encourage extensive livestock farming in the Mediterranean mountains

Lasanta

Nadal‐Romero

García-Ruiz

2019

CIG

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The European Mediterranean highlands have undergone a sharp economic decline from the mid-20 th century, causing heavy environmental impacts and loss of ecosystem services. These mountain areas have limited opportunities to integrate into in the current financial system, which demands high productivity from workers and a very competitive product. Extensive livestock farming is one of the few activities able to survive in this context, as it needs little labour and can make use of poor grazing resources. In the north-west Iberian Range, northern Spain, the Leza valley (La Rioja) is showing a growing interest in developing extensive livestock farming. To this end, the regional Government is implementing a pasture regeneration plan for clearing shrubland. Since 1986, almost 30% of the shrubs have been cleared, mainly abandoned fields recolonized by Genista scorpius on lime substrate, and Cistus laurifolius on siliceous substrate. This has increased the available pasture, as the average production in G. scorpius areas has risen from 4566 Mj ha -1 yr -1 (δ ± 1271) to 10,167.3 Mj ha -1 yr -1 (δ ± 2850.3), and on C. laurifolius areas from 2435 Mj ha -1 yr -1 (δ ± 492) to 7628.6 Mj ha -1 yr -1 (δ ± 1428.2). The livestock numbers show an upward trend, going from 1833.9 LU in 1972 to 7207.8 LU in 2017, with a simultaneous increase in the size of farms (27.6 LU in 1972 and 115.2 LU in 2017). In addition, new livestock farms established by people from outside the study area (41.7% in 2017). Finally, there is a discussion on the environmental benefits provided by extensive livestock farming. El desbroce de matorrales como estrategia para fomentar la ganadería extensiva en la montaña mediterráneaRESUMEN. La media montaña mediterránea europea sufre un acusado proceso de marginación económica desde mediados del siglo XX con importantes impactos ambientales y pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos. Estas áreas de montaña tienen escasas posibilidades para integrarse en el sistema económico actual, que exige elevada productividad del trabajador y alta competitividad del producto. Lasanta et al. 488 Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45 (2), 2019, pp. 487-513Entre las pocas actividades capaces de sobrevivir se incluye la ganadería extensiva, que necesita escasa mano de obra y es capaz de aprovechar recursos pastorales de escaso valor. En el valle del Leza (La Rioja, Sistema Ibérico noroccidental, norte de España) existe un creciente interés por el desarrollo de la ganadería extensiva. Para ello, el Gobierno regional desarrolla un plan de regeneración de pastizales a partir del desbroce de matorrales. Desde 1986 se ha desbrozado casi el 30% de la superficie de matorral, fundamentalmente campos abandonados recolonizados por aliagares (Genista scorpius) en sustratos calizos y jarales (Cistus laurifolius) en sustratos silíceos. Con ello se incrementa la oferta pastoral, ya que la producción media en los aliagares pasa de 4566 Mj ha -1 año -1 (δ ± 1271) a 10.167,3 Mj ha -1 año -1 (δ ± 2850,3) y en los jarales de 2435 Mj ha -1 año -1 (δ...

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El Pirineo Aragonés como paisaje cultural

Cited by 24 publications

References 95 publications

Runoff and Solute Outputs under Different Land Uses: Long-Term Results from a Mediterranean Mountain Experimental Station

Runoff and Solute Outputs under Different Land Uses: Long-Term Results from a Mediterranean Mountain Experimental Station

Gestión activa frente a matorralización: buscando el equilibrio entre conservación y explotación en montaña

Clearing shrubland as a strategy to encourage extensive livestock farming in the Mediterranean mountains

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