El Niño Southern Oscillation and the accumulation of chilling hours for dormancy breaking in temperate fruit in Southern Brazil

Abstract

The number of chilling hours is responsible for maximizing budding and flowering in temperate climate fruit trees, and this number varies widely between years. An important source of variability is the occurrence of the ENSO - El Niño Southern Oscillation. With the intent of further understanding, the objective set was to analyze the influence of ENSO on chilling hours in Rio Grande do Sul State. To perform the analysis it was used data of air temperature - below 7.2 oC - from 24 meteorological stations. The results showed that when La Niña occurs, the percentage of chilling hours was above average for the period analyzed in all locations, and when El Niño occurs, the values were below average in 79% of the locations. The highest number of chilling hours, observed in each location, mainly occurred during the presence of La Niña and the lowest number was mainly observed during the occurrence of El Niño. The largest deviation (%) of chilling hours from the average occurred in May. Despite the month of July having the highest number of chilling hours, the occurrence of El Niño or La Niña does not show any difference between them. The month of September also shows no difference when comparing instances of El Niño and La Niña.