El maltrato infantil y su rol en el curso clínico de pacientes con trastorno bipolar

Abstract

History of child abuse among patients with bipolar disorders Background: A history of child abuse is common and has a significant impact in the clinical course of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorders (BD). Aims: To assess the frequency of child abuse experiences in patients BD type I and to evaluate its association with clinical course and cognitive functioning variables. Material and Methods: 117 patients with BD aged 45 ± 14 years (66% women) answered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The clinical course (illness onset, history of suicide attempts and number of hospitalizations) was obtained from medical records. Cognitive functioning was evaluated through social and non-social cognition tasks. Results: 64% of participants reported some type of child abuse. This variable was associated with an early onset of the disease (Odds ratio (OR) = 3.3; p < 0.02), increased risk of suicide attempts (OR = 2.4; p < 0.04) and specific disturbances in social cognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our study supports evidence of a common history of child abuse in patients with BD. Although child abuse predicts a worse clinical course, major clinical practice guidelines, as well as research designs, do not highlight this evidence.

The interaction of the oxytocin receptor gene and child abuse subtypes on social cognition in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder type I

“…Our findings highlight the need to rethink the design of new therapeutic approaches from a preventive perspective, with strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of child abuse in populations known to be at higher risk (8,9) as well as through interventions aimed at fostering specific emotional regulation and mentalization skills (55) from a relational perspective. Conducting research aimed at testing interventions that reduce the inter-level impact of early stress (56) represents an ethical-clinical imperative in light of the high rates of child abuse in patients with BD.…”

“…Despite the vast literature on cognition impairments in BD, few authors have analyzed the impact of early stress ( 6 ). The lack of attention on this aspect may be relevant, given the importance of early stress on later neural development and cognitive functioning ( 7 ) as well as the substantial data demonstrating the high frequency of child abuse in BD patients ( 8 , 9 ).…”

Violencia de pareja en adolescentes chilenos: Influencia del abuso infantil en la victimización y perpetración

“…Las tasas mundiales según tipo de abuso oscilan entre 12,7% y 36,3%, y tipo de negligencia entre 16,3% y 18,4%, como tasas de MI altas 12 . Los efectos del MI se extienden más allá de esta etapa del desarrollo, alcanzando la adolescencia y la adultez, impactando tanto en salud mental 14 como en VPA 1,5 . Sin embargo, en Chile se sabe poco sobre la victimización infantil 13 .…”