Abstract:Resumen: En los manuscritos pictográficos y las descripciones hechas en particular por Bernardino de Sahagún y Diego Durán, el cuerpo de los dioses mexicas está cubierto de numerosos atributos. Este artículo examina un objeto asido de la mano por ciertas deidades, el tlachieloni, descrito por los cronistas como "el instrumento para ver". Se propone demostrar que este atributo debe considerarse como un elemento destinado a ser interpretado y "activado" durante ciertos momentos rituales particulares relacionados… Show more
“…Individual 2 (Figure 9a) wears an ornament on the chest and holds a round shield. Such ornaments, called anáhuatl , were pendants made of pearly conch shell from the Pacific Coast (Vesque 2017:n9). For Postclassic communities in central Mexico, Xipe Totec, “Our lord the flayed one,” was a warrior god (Dehouve 2017:34), a god of renewed vegetation, patron of metalsmiths, and who identified with Mixcoatl under his various titles (Tena 2002:78).…”
Section: Identifying Patron or Guardian Deitiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 9.(a) Individual 2, pillar a, Pyramid B (drawing by the author and Daniel Correa, digitalization by Aarón Arboleyda); (b) Ixtlilton, Codex Tudela, pl. 44r (Vesque 2017:Figure 10/A); (c) Huehuecóyotl, Codex Borbonicus, pl. 4 (Mateos Higuera 1992:Figure 5/1).…”
Section: Identifying Patron or Guardian Deitiesmentioning
Pyramid B was one of the most important buildings in the sacred precinct of the Early Postclassic city of Tula, Hidalgo. On its summit was a temple supported by anthropomorphic and zoomorphic columns and four pillars containing the reliefs of 16 individuals and other images. Based on comparative analysis with other archaeological specimens and images from conquest era codices, I propose that all 16 individuals were warrior-kings in sacred dress bearing a suite of weapons associated with the Tollan-Xicocotitlan elite.
“…Individual 2 (Figure 9a) wears an ornament on the chest and holds a round shield. Such ornaments, called anáhuatl , were pendants made of pearly conch shell from the Pacific Coast (Vesque 2017:n9). For Postclassic communities in central Mexico, Xipe Totec, “Our lord the flayed one,” was a warrior god (Dehouve 2017:34), a god of renewed vegetation, patron of metalsmiths, and who identified with Mixcoatl under his various titles (Tena 2002:78).…”
Section: Identifying Patron or Guardian Deitiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 9.(a) Individual 2, pillar a, Pyramid B (drawing by the author and Daniel Correa, digitalization by Aarón Arboleyda); (b) Ixtlilton, Codex Tudela, pl. 44r (Vesque 2017:Figure 10/A); (c) Huehuecóyotl, Codex Borbonicus, pl. 4 (Mateos Higuera 1992:Figure 5/1).…”
Section: Identifying Patron or Guardian Deitiesmentioning
Pyramid B was one of the most important buildings in the sacred precinct of the Early Postclassic city of Tula, Hidalgo. On its summit was a temple supported by anthropomorphic and zoomorphic columns and four pillars containing the reliefs of 16 individuals and other images. Based on comparative analysis with other archaeological specimens and images from conquest era codices, I propose that all 16 individuals were warrior-kings in sacred dress bearing a suite of weapons associated with the Tollan-Xicocotitlan elite.
“…The recessed portion of the relief carving was painted with red pigment, while the raised portion was painted with red, yellow, white, and light blue pigments. Figure 10.Comparison of carved panel from Locality P6-2 (d) with other representations from Tula and elsewhere: (a) h–j–p–s panel, Pyramid B, Tula Grande (Jiménez Garcia 2021:Figure 3a; (b) Reclining figure, Edificio 3, Tula Grande (Jiménez García 1998); (c) deities or deity impersonators holding tlacheloni's (arrows) (Vesque 2016:Figure 5; Olivier 2004:Plate 5b); (e) “dancing jaguar” frieze Los Falos, Chichén Itzá (Schmidt 2003:Figure 33); (f) reconstruction of Scarlet Macaw frieze from Ball Court, Copan (Fash 2010:Figure 3).…”
Salvage excavations along the right of way of a 2 km stretch of proposed highway crossing the northern part of the Postclassic city of Tula, Hidalgo utilized a multi-phase investigation strategy, featuring pedestrian survey and exploratory test-pitting. This fieldwork led to extensive excavation in five localities, which uncovered significant portions of both elite and non-elite residential compounds, a possible administrative structure, and two temples, one of which is the earliest example of a twin temple pyramid in western Mesoamerica. The diversity of structures and corresponding functions encountered in excavation are comparable to those found in previous excavations that suggest the city was organized into barrios, each with its own political, religious, social, and other institutions that mimic those of the larger urban polity. While these investigations confirm previous evidence of considerable destruction of the ancient city in recent decades, they also demonstrate that significant portions are still intact.
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