“…We believe that a diachronic analysis of the normative frameworks defined by the Portuguese State helps us to conceptually understand several aspects that are relevant in studies on PAs, and in particular within the field of anthropology (e.g. Brockington, Duffy & Igoe, 2008;Beltran & Vaccaro, 2008;Córtes Vázquez & Beltran, 2019;Martins, 2018;Santamarina, 2019 and2009) ; and finally (vii) identify participatory possibilities beyond those framed by and for state services. Actually, the objectives of Goberpark are quite clear as concerns these matters, when assuming the need to trace the genealogies of Natural Parks as crucial to understand not only what they are but what they can be 6 -the diversity of PAs experiences in terms of public acceptance/social representations, consensual interests, state-local communities' relations, impacts, is also undeniably related to a particular history of implementation, definition of restrictions and management (Iannuzzi, Santos, & Mourato, 2020;West, Igoe & Brockington, 2006).…”