El Formativo en Tarapacá (3000-1000 aP): Arqueología, naturaleza y cultura en la Pampa del Tamarugal, Desierto de Atacama, norte de Chile

Uribe, Mauricio; Angelo, Dante; Capriles, José M.; Castro, Victória; Porras, María Eugenia de; García, Magdalena; Gayó, Eugenia M.; González, Josefina Garrido; Herrera, M; Izaurieta, Roberto; Maldonado, Antonio; Mandakovic, Valentina; McRostie, Virginia; Razeto, Jorge; Santana, Francisca; Santoro, Calógero M.; Valenzuela, Jimena; Vidal, Alejandra

doi:10.1017/laq.2019.92

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Its closest supply is, on the other hand, at approximately 100 km, both on the Pacific coast and in the valleys to the north and Northwestern Argentina to the southeast. However, the local populations of the Pica and Tarapacá valleys lived in close social and economic ties with those inhabitants settled in the supply areas of these plants and insects with dyeing potentials [87,91]. Thus, the color technology from the Tarapacá pre-Columbian textiles must have depended above all on an extensive social network and the association with different and distant communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cemetery's configuration is associated with the occupation of its contemporary village Caserones-1, composed of more than 350 structures [81,82,85,86]. This period is characterized by the consolidation of the villages with more sedentary dwellers and a food-producing economy [87]. Previous textiles studies from Tarapacá-40 have focused on the collections available on museums from northern Chile [26,41,79].…”

Section: Archaeological Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colors and dyes of archaeological textiles from Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert (South Central Andes)

et al. 2021

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This work concerns the study of colors and dyes identified on archaeological textiles from the Atacama Desert. The different garments and ornaments come from the excavation of two important pre-Columbian cemeteries of the Tarapacá region: Tarapacá-40 attributed to the Formative period (1100 BC–660 AD) and Pica-8 to the Late Intermediate period (900–1450 AD). For the first time, a multi-analytical approach with non-invasive techniques using FORS and SERS was applied on samples of less than 2 cm of length for physicochemical characterization of the raw materials and the dyes employed in the textile production of northern Chile. The fibers are from animal origin. Blue, green, and yellow are identified as indigo, but we cannot discard a mixture with other dyes to vary hue and shade; while carminic acid and alizarin—to a lesser extent—are found on red, orange, and brown samples. This research provides new elements for the discussion about the textile technology developed in this desertic region, its changes, and continuities along the history. Our results are compared to recent findings on neighboring regions from South-Central Andes, to improve the current knowledge and discuss the existence of dyeing textile cultural traditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Archaeological Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colors and dyes of archaeological textiles from Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert (South Central Andes)

et al. 2021

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“…This industry reduced the use of algarrobo to coal and wood, but also to forage for European herbivores, especially mules which transit thoroughly from the coast to beyond the Andes (Carmona, 2018). These animals might have favored the encroachment of some species within oases (Brown & Archer, 1989); however, we cannot rule out that the patterns found were produced also in pre‐Columbian times, where a long history of interchange has been acknowledged from archaeological evidences (Uribe et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Genetic studies of various Prosopis species (Leguminosae, Section Algarobia) co‐occurring in oases of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile)

Bessega

Pometti

Fortunato

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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In the Atacama Desert from northern Chile (19–24°S), Prosopis (Leguminosae) individuals are restricted to oases that are unevenly distributed and isolated from each other by large stretches of barren landscape constituting an interesting study model as the degree of connectivity between natural populations depends on their dispersal capacity and the barriers imposed by the landscape. Our goal was to assess the genetic diversity and the degree of differentiation among groups of Prosopis individuals of different species from Section Algarobia and putative hybrids (hereafter populations) co‐occurring in these isolated oases from the Atacama Desert and determine whether genetic patterns are associated with dispersal barriers. Thirteen populations were sampled from oases located on three hydrographic basins (Pampa del Tamarugal, Rio Loa, and Salar de Atacama; northern, central, and southern basins, respectively). Individuals genotyped by eight SSRs show high levels of genetic diversity (HO = 0.61, Ar = 3.5) and low but significant genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.128, FST‐ENA = 0.129, DJOST = 0.238). The AMOVA indicates that most of the variation occurs within individuals (79%) and from the variance among individuals (21%); almost, the same variation can be found between basins and between populations within basins. Differentiation and structure results were not associated with the basins, retrieving up to four genetic clusters and certain admixture in the central populations. Pairwise differentiation comparisons among populations showed inconsistencies considering their distribution throughout the basins. Genetic and geographic distances were significantly correlated at global and within the basins considered (p < .02), but low correlation indices were obtained (r < .37). These results are discussed in relation to the fragmented landscape, considering both natural and non‐natural (humans) dispersal agents that may be moving Prosopis in the Atacama Desert.

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“…Its closest supply is, on the other hand, at approximately 100 km, both on the Paci c coast and in the valleys to the north and the Argentine Northwest to the southeast. However, the local populations of the Pica and Tarapacá valleys lived in close social and economic ties with those inhabitants settled in the supply areas of these plants and insects with potential for dyeing [83,87]. Thus, the technology of color in the pre-Hispanic textiles of Tarapacá must have depended above all on social networks and an association with these different communities, and not just for dyes procurement but also for the other raw materials needed such as bers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cemetery's con guration is associated with the occupation of its contemporary village Caserones-1, composed of more than 350 structures [77,78,81,82]. This period is characterized by the consolidation of the villages with more sedentary dwellers and a food-producing economy [83]. Previous studies on the textiles from Tarapacá-40 have focused on the collections available on museums from northern Chile [26,41,75].…”

Section: Archaeological Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colors and dyes of archaeological textiles from Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert (South Central Andes)

Sepúlveda

Urzúa

Vega

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This work concerns the study of colors and dyes identified on archaeological textiles from the Atacama Desert. The different garments and ornaments come from the excavation of two important pre-Columbian cemeteries of the Tarapacá region: Tarapacá-40 attributed to the Formative period (1100 BC - 660 AD) and Pica-8 to the Late Intermediate period (900 - 1450 AD). For the first time, a multi-analytical approach with non-invasive techniques using Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS), Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) were applied on samples of less than 2 cm of length for physicochemical characterization of the raw materials and the dyes employed in the textile production of northern Chile. The fibers are from animal origin. Blue, green, and yellow are identified as indigo, but we cannot discard a mixture with other dyes to vary hue and shade; while carminic acid and alizarin - to a lesser extent - are found on red, orange and brown samples. This research provides new elements for the discussion about the textile technology developed in this desertic region, its changes and continuities along with the history. Our results are compared to recent findings on neighbouring regions from northern Chile, to improve the current knowledge and discuss the existence of dyeing textile cultural traditions.

show abstract

El Formativo en Tarapacá (3000-1000 aP): Arqueología, naturaleza y cultura en la Pampa del Tamarugal, Desierto de Atacama, norte de Chile

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Colors and dyes of archaeological textiles from Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert (South Central Andes)

Colors and dyes of archaeological textiles from Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert (South Central Andes)

Genetic studies of various Prosopis species (Leguminosae, Section Algarobia) co‐occurring in oases of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile)

Colors and dyes of archaeological textiles from Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert (South Central Andes)

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