El espacio gráfico habitado: la figura humana en la comunicación visual arquitectónica

Abstract

RESUMEN -En este texto se analiza el potencial de la figura humana, dentro del dibujo en perspectiva, como una herramienta de comunicación del proyecto de arquitectura. Como se sabe, aunque en la representación arquitectónica actual -heredera de los estilos gráficos y modelísticos del pasado, ligada a las herramientas digitales y condicionada por el marketing-el uso de figuras humanas es extendido, en la mayoría de los estudios, éstas son empleadas para ambientar y mostrar la escala del edificio, sin mayores pretensiones. No obstante, en algunas ocasiones su utilización va más allá, siendo original y totalmente intencionada, hacia destacar ciertos contenidos del proyecto más personales del autor. De esta forma, además de evidenciar la proporción de la arquitectura ideada, las imágenes humanas pueden ser el elemento que indique su cometido; las características del medio físico; los perfiles de usuarios que se espera se apropien del proyecto; las escenas habituales que se generarán en el espacio; el concepto global; y el espíritu de la época. Es intención de este documento seleccionar, analizar y sintetizar diferentes categorías de uso, donde las figuras humanas actúan como elementos polisémicos que matizan el discurso -tanto publicitario como crítico e histórico-del proyecto de arquitectura. However, in some works their use goes beyond that and is more original and oriented to emphasize specific architectural contents and personal aspects of the designer. The human representation-which has an ancient origin, found its place in the Renaissance and revealed its potential in the neoclassical perspective drawings-is today an element with more potential to indicate the typology of the space; the characteristics of the physical environment; the profiles of users who are expected to experience the architecture and the interactions that will be generated among them; the overall concept of the project; and the spirit of the times. This paper selects, analyzes and synthesize different categories of use in which the human representation operates as a polysemic element that emphasizes the-advertising as well as critical and historical-discourse of the architectural project.

Aesthetical Appeal and Dissemination of Architectural Heritage Photographs in Instagram

“…Furthermore, in the representation of architecture, the reference to the human dimension has always been relevant based on its anthropometric origin [48]. Among the objectives of including people in architectural spaces, they are to show and transmit the cultural values of an era and to merge the architectural project with its surroundings [49]. In this way, the human figure is a key element to highlight architectural content and to communicate the characteristics of a natural or built space.…”

“…Thus, linear perspective is the communication system in which the human figure finds its natural channel to highlight the perception of spatial contents [49]. However, even more importantly, it can help convey the effects that buildings have on people, as well as the role that people play in shaping their environments.…”

"Characters in Search of an Author". Human figures and storytelling in architectural design communication

“…Already Schinkel's perspective view of the main staircase gallery of Alte Museum in Berlin shows human figures "captured at the moment of being amazed by the paintings or immersed in a conversation while walking through the museum, act as characters in a montage that unleashes the imagination of the spectator." [13]. [14].…”