Ejercicio tradicional de la partería frente a su profesionalización: estudio de caso en Jalisco, México

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the status of midwifery in Jalisco, Mexico and its professionalization process. Methodology: a case study conducted from June 2011 to July 2013 in three stages: I. in-depth interviews with 20 midwives, II. four regional assemblies with 44 midwives, and III. a state assembly with 136 midwives, health care staff and other social actors. The three stages employed popular educational techniques. In addition, qualitative data were analyzed using the actantial semiotic model, and the midwives' sociodemographic data were processed in Epi Info 7. Finally, a meta-inference was performed with the findings from both datasets. Results: a total of 180 midwives participated in the study, 89% of which operate in rural areas. The average age was 56, and 73% of the midwives had secondary education or less. Moreover, 95% of them were traditional midwives who adopted this practice since their adolescence and received training from health care providing institutions and from other midwives. In

Cuidados domiciliares de parteiras tradicionais na assistência ao parto

“…A base do cuidado advinha de seu conhecimento empírico e de suas experiências no atendimento às mulheres no ciclo gravídico-puerperal 8 . Assim, as parteiras acreditavam que seu ofício estava relacionado à complexidade que o parto exigia, envolvendo técnicas, práticas e rituais com atenção direcionada à parturiente e ao seu contexto familiar 9,14,15 . Neste escopo, extensivo aos cuidados domésticos e apoio comunitário.…”

Midwifery and Medicinal Plants in the Mazahua and Otomi Indigenous Group of the State of Mexico

“…They affirm that in rural areas, midwives are an important support enabling the health sector to enter the community, since they have the trust of the people, and they know the organization and the culture surrounding maternity. Midwives facilitate the implementation of health campaigns in rural regions (Laureano-Eugenio et al 2016).…”

“…Midwifery is often the only health service available, since those provided by the state are difficult to access and of low quality for the population living in rural areas. Recognizing the work of traditional midwives and training them correctly, along with professional midwives, could help prevent around two-thirds of all maternal and neonatal deaths (Medina et al 2001;WHO et al 1985;Botteri and Bochar Pizarro 2019;Laureano-Eugenio et al 2016). This group of indigenous women contributes to avoiding newborn malnutrition in marginalized areas.…”

El cuidado de las parteras nahuas prehispánicas de México en las crónicas de fray Bernardino de Sahagún

“…La tercera función se basa en el apoyo que reciben las mujeres postparto de las parteras para las labores domésticas y el cuidado de los hijos. Estas tres funciones sumadas a la falta de otros servicios de salud institucionales hacen las mujeres tienen más dificultades en el acceso de tipo geográfico, cultural y económico, a hospitales de segundo o tercer nivel para la atención durante el embarazo, el parto, así como en el postparto 8 . En efecto, mostrar los datos históricos de una práctica tradicional tan arraigada en varias comunidades del país, sugiere a su vez el análisis de una visión que merece ser indagada y contextualizada, inclusive, como fuente de conocimiento desde su historicidad.…”