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Abstract

Presently the species is widely naturalised throughout Europe (Alford 2007). As in the rest of Europe, also in Latvia J. regia was introduced, but cultivated rarely (Mauriņš, Zvirgzds 2006). During park and greenery inventories, J. regia was documented only from 40 sites (Laiviņš et al. 2009). Cultivation of J. regia in Latvia is difficult, and plants can strongly suffer during winter or even die off (Mauriņš, Zvirgzds 2006). Attempts to cultivate J. regia have been carried out since the 19 th century, but its cultivation has not always been successful due to low winter hardiness, as trees died during harsh winters, like in