Einstein Dilemma and Two-State Vector Formalism

Abstract

In the famous EPR paper published in 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen suggested a thought experiment, which later became known as the "EPR experiment". Using the EPR experiment, they posited that quantum mechanics was incomplete. Einstein, however, was dissatisfied with the EPR paper and published a second work on the EPR experiment, in which he discussed the dilemma of choosing whether quantum mechanics was incomplete or nonlocal. Currently, most physicists choose the nonlocality of quantum mechanics over Einstein's choice of the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. However, with an appropriate alternate hypothesis, both of these choices can be rejected. Herein, I demonstrate an approach to overcome the Einstein Dilemma by proposing a new interpretation invoked by a new formalism of quantum mechanics known as two-state vector formalism.

A Bi-directional Big Bang/Crunch Universe within a Two-State-Vector Quantum Mechanics?

“…No arbitrary scale limiting its validity [23] is introduced. That such a two vector state concept can be considered a self consistent, time symmetric interpretation of quantum theory was also claimed by Aharonov and Cohen [3] and others [30].…”

Measurement Problem and Two-State Vector Formalism

“…Thus, we can simultaneously insist that the wave function of a system is complete, that the wave function is determined by using the Schrödinger equation (when the initial and final wave functions are given), and that the measurement of a physical quantity always (or at least usually) has determinate outcomes [6].…”