Einiges über die Wärmephänomene der Hölzer und Bäume

Koljo, Boris

doi:10.1007/bf01815078

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The splits cannot be repaired (Seeholzer 1935). The phenomenon has been known for a long time (Muinch 1914;Gerlach 1929;Krenn 1933;Koljo 1950;Peace 1962), but the central European forest industry has taken no account of it: so at every man-made border of F. sylvatica (highways as well as inside forests) this type of damage can be seen. Economic assessment of this damage has never been attempted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bark of trees: thermal properties, microclimate and fauna

1986

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The thermal properties of four different types of bark were investigated on twentyfour central European tree species using thermocouples. Tree species with white bark avoid overheating of their surface by reflection of the radiation. Species with fissured and scaly barks shade inner parts of their bark. Some tree species with fissured barks show high insulation across the bark. Smooth and thin barks show no adaptation to avoid overheating. These tree species (in central Europe e.g. Fagus sylvatica) have to form closed stands and are not able to occur in open stands as tree species with structured or white bark types.The arthropod fauna of the same bark types was studied on six tree species using three collecting methods. The microclimate on the bark determines the number per cm of some species, some are active during winter, and other tend to aptery and reproduce parthenogenetically. On smooth bark one species dominates, whereas a highly diverse fauna lives on fissured barks. The occurrence of species on bark is determined by the microstructure, microclimate and consistence of the epiphyts. If tree species alter within forest ecosystems the dominant species on bark will persist. Specialists of fissured barks will die out if tree species with smooth bark (Fagus sylvatica) form the central European forest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bark of trees: thermal properties, microclimate and fauna

1986

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“…Before a solution can be calculated, initial values must be defined for the temperature and other properties of the root, canopy, or stem. Intuitively it is recognized that tree stem tem-perature profiles (and likely moisture distribution) follow a diurnal cycle, lagging in phase and amplitude behind the surface temperatures and are a function of the ambient temperature and environment, as do the heat transfer properties of the stem, root, or canopy element (Kapur and Narayanamurti 1934, Reynolds 1939, Koljo 1948, Aichele 1950. Although the simplest approach is to assume a fixed initial temperature profile, a more accurate method might be to follow the work of Jones et al (2004) and Potter and Andresen (2002) and directly model the daily temperature cycle within a tree as a function of solar insolation and ambient conditions to acquire the initial temperature profile within the plant component for the fire injury calculation.…”

Section: Initial Conditions and Thermo-physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Injury and Mortality in Fires: Developing Process-Based Models

Butler

Dickinson

2010

fire ecol

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Wildland fire managers are often required to predict tree injury and mortality when planning a prescribed burn or when considering wildfire management options; and, currently, statistical models based on post-fire observations are the only tools available for this purpose. Implicit in the derivation of statistical models is the assumption that they are strictly applicable only for the species or conditions for which they were developed. The result has been a profusion of separate models of uncertain generality. A parallel research effort, the process approach, has been directed at modeling tree injury and mortality by directly simulating the energy-transfer process from the fire to the exterior surface of the plant, and thence into roots, stems, and foliage. Process models can currently predict stem or tree death if certain injury thresholds are reached. We present a brief review of the current understanding of the biophysical processes causing fire-induced plant injury, and focus on the challenges associated with defining boundary conditions, initial conditions, and thermal and physical properties required for modeling plant heating and tissue necrosis. We argue for integration of statistical and process approaches to predicting tree injury and mortality wherein process models provide inputs for statistical models. Research gaps that hinder the application of process-based tree injury and mortality models include linkage of fire effects models with combustion models (especially coupled fire-atmosphere models) through the boundary conditions required for simulating tissue heating, descriptions of live tree thermal and physical characteristics, and better understanding of the physiological basis for delayed fire-caused mortality and the interactions between fire injury and second-order causes of mortality such as diseases and insects.

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