Einführung in die Allgemeine Klimatologie

Weischet, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/978-3-663-05928-8

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Its small landmass does not warm up during the austral summer like continents in the northern hemisphere at comparable latitudes. In addition to the unique distribution of land and sea, this characteristic is mainly due to the relative proximity of the Antarctic continent, which acts as a 'freezer' during the whole year (Weischet, 1996). Large amounts of incoming solar radiation are required to melt the extensive ice shelves in the southern summer.…”

Section: Climate and Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eastern part of southern Patagonia is a semiarid and cool semi-desert that lacks any well-defined rainy season (Weischet, 1996). A strong precipitation gradient exists between the west and east coasts of South America, caused by the topography of the continent.…”

Section: Climate and Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air temperatures, precipitation, and wind velocities over southern South America (Patagonia) are a direct response to the high meridional air-pressure gradient between 358 and 508S, as well as to the sea surface temperatures of the southern oceans, sea-ice dynamics, and the ice shields of Antarctica and the Patagonian ice fields. The resulting west wind circulation that advects cold Antarctic air masses to the continent is an important factor that controls climatic conditions over southern Patagonia (Weischet, 1996). Moreover, evidence indicates the ENSO affects climate as far south as 508S (Depetris and Pasquini, 2000;Diaz et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Crater lakes of the Pali Aike Volcanic Field as key sites for paleoclimatic and paleoecological reconstructions in southern Patagonia, Argentina

Zolitschka

Schäbitz

Lücke

et al. 2006

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

104

100

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Section: Climate and Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climate and Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Crater lakes of the Pali Aike Volcanic Field as key sites for paleoclimatic and paleoecological reconstructions in southern Patagonia, Argentina

Zolitschka

Schäbitz

Lücke

et al. 2006

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

104

100

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“…To account for temperature differences within the catchment, temperature values were adjusted for every sub-basin using adiabatic temperature gradients (0.98°C/100 m on a dry day, 0.44°C/ 100 m on a wet day; Weischet, 1995). The two humidity measurements per day in Pune (8:30 am and 5:30 pm) were linearly interpolated to obtain an hourly course of humidity.…”

Section: Hydrologic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison and evaluation of spatial interpolation schemes for daily rainfall in data scarce regions

Wagner

Fiener

Wilken

et al. 2012

Journal of Hydrology

232

142

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s u m m a r y Accurate rainfall data are of prime importance for many environmental applications. To provide spatially distributed rainfall data, point measurements are interpolated. However, in low density measurement networks, the use of different interpolation methods may result in large differences and hence in deviations from the actual spatial distribution of rainfall. Our study aims at analyzing different rainfall interpolation schemes with regard to their suitability to produce spatial rainfall estimates in a monsoon dominated region with scarce rainfall measurements. The study was carried out in the meso-scale catchment of the Mula and the Mutha Rivers (2036 km 2 ) upstream of the city of Pune, India. Rainfall data from 16 rain gauges were spatially interpolated using seven different methods, including Thiessen polygons, statistical, and geostatistical approaches. The two most suitable covariates for rainfall interpolation were identified as (i) distance in wind direction from the main orographic barrier and as (ii) a 0.05°pattern of mean annual rainfall derived from satellite data acquired by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Consequently, these two covariates were used in the regression-based interpolation approaches. The quality of the different methods was assessed using a two step validation approach: (i) Cross-validation was used to evaluate the capability to reproduce measured data. (ii) Spatially integrated interpolation performance was assessed by using a hydrologic model to calculate runoff and compare modeled to measured runoff. By this assessment, the regression-based methods showed the best performance. We found that the choice of the covariate had a significant impact on precipitation and runoff amounts, as well as on the temporal course of runoff events. Our results show, that the decision on the suitable interpolation scheme should not only be based on the comparison with point measurements, but should also take the representativeness of the given measurement network as well as of the interpolated spatial rainfall distribution into account. The successful application of regression-based interpolation methods using a high resolution TRMM pattern as covariate is very promising as it is transferable to other data scarce regions.

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“…Here, we present an overview of the current status of palaeoclimatically relevant tree-ring data from the Karakorum mountains in northern Pakistan, which are influenced by westerly synoptic fronts and isolated monsoonal clusters, and the more continental Tien Shan mountains in southern Kyrgyzstan, influenced by westerlies and the Siberian high (Weischet and Endlicher 2000), and assess the coherence of tree growth along elevational gradients. We developed chronologies using an age-related composite tree-ring detrending method (Regional Curve Standardization, RCS; Briffa et al 1992Briffa et al , 1996 on a single site basis, and stress Trees (2007) 21:141-150 this technique with regard to minimum sample size and age structure requirements (Esper et al 2003b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uniform growth trends among central Asian low- and high-elevation juniper tree sites

Esper

Frank

Wilson³

et al. 2006

Trees

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We present an analysis of 28 juniper tree-ring sites sampled over the last decades by several research teams in the Tien Shan and Karakorum mountains of western central Asia. Ring-width chronologies were developed on a site-by-site basis, using a detrending technique designed to retain low-frequency climate variations. Site chronologies were grouped according to their distance from the upper timberline in the Tien Shan ( ∼ 3,400 m a.s.l.) and Karakorum ( ∼ 4,000 m), and low-and high-elevation composite chronologies combining data from both mountain systems developed. Comparison of these elevational subsets revealed significant coherence (r = 0.72) over the 1438-1995 common period, which is inconsistent with the concept of differing environmental signals captured in tree-ring data along elevational gradients. It is hypothesized that the uniform growth behavior in central Asian juniper trees has been forced by solar radiation variations controlled via cloud cover changes, but verification of this assumption requires further fieldwork. The high-elevation composite chronology was further compared with existing temperature reconstructions from the Karakorum and Tien Shan, and long-term trend differences discussed. We concluded that the extent of warmth during medieval times cannot be precisely estimated based on ring-width data currently available. Communicated by M. Adams

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Einführung in die Allgemeine Klimatologie

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Crater lakes of the Pali Aike Volcanic Field as key sites for paleoclimatic and paleoecological reconstructions in southern Patagonia, Argentina

Crater lakes of the Pali Aike Volcanic Field as key sites for paleoclimatic and paleoecological reconstructions in southern Patagonia, Argentina

Comparison and evaluation of spatial interpolation schemes for daily rainfall in data scarce regions

Uniform growth trends among central Asian low- and high-elevation juniper tree sites

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