Einfluß von Edelmetall-Mischkatalysatoren auf die anodische Oxydation von Methanol und Formiat

Schmidt, Helmut; Vielstich, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00502637

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The greatest dissolution features were observed when the experiments were performed in a CO-saturated electrolyte implying that the indirect oxidation pathway (i.e., through CO adsorption and oxidation) plays a key role in formate electrooxidation using PtRu as the catalyst. Other Pt-based alloys have been tested in formic acid/formate electrooxidation such as PtFe [79], PtAu [67,90], PtAg [65], PtCo [66], PtCu [68], PdPt [39,71,73,91,92], PtBi [69,93] or PtSn [68,93,94] (Table 2). Indeed, the use of Bi, Sb, As, Pb, Sn and Ge as dopants for Pt has been investigated from several decades ago, finding optimum loadings of around 50% in most cases [93,94].…”

Section: Bimetallic and Trimetallic Pt-based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the mentioned study, Wang et al claimed that the mass activity that they obtained with the PtBi/C catalyst, 9.06 A mg/Pt, was the highest electrocatalytic activity ever reported [69]. However, in 2019, Xie et al reported a catalyst based on a trimetallic PtAuCu alloy catalyst, which was subjected to a dealloying process to Other Pt-based alloys have been tested in formic acid/formate electrooxidation such as PtFe [79], PtAu [67,90], PtAg [65], PtCo [66], PtCu [68], PdPt [39,71,73,91,92], PtBi [69,93] or PtSn [68,93,94] (Table 2). Indeed, the use of Bi, Sb, As, Pb, Sn and Ge as dopants for Pt has been investigated from several decades ago, finding optimum loadings of around 50% in most cases [93,94].…”

Section: Bimetallic and Trimetallic Pt-based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pt was the first metal catalyst employed in the FA electrooxidation reaction [ 29 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], before Pd [ 39 ] or any other metal [ 30 ], and it is one of the most widely studied catalysts to date. As mentioned above, it is generally accepted that formic acid/formate oxidation follows a dual-pathway mechanism composed of a main reaction pathway (known as direct or primary pathway) where formic acid/formate is oxidized to CO 2 through a reactive intermediate and an indirect or secondary pathway involving an adsorbed poisoning species.…”

Section: Platinum For Formic Acid/formate Electrooxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benchmarking Catalysts for Formic Acid/Formate Electrooxidation

et al. 2021

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Energy production and consumption without the use of fossil fuels are amongst the biggest challenges currently facing humankind and the scientific community. Huge efforts have been invested in creating technologies that enable closed carbon or carbon neutral fuel cycles, limiting CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Formic acid/formate (FA) has attracted intense interest as a liquid fuel over the last half century, giving rise to a plethora of studies on catalysts for its efficient electrocatalytic oxidation for usage in fuel cells. However, new catalysts and catalytic systems are often difficult to compare because of the variability in conditions and catalyst parameters examined. In this review, we discuss the extensive literature on FA electrooxidation using platinum, palladium and non-platinum group metal-based catalysts, the conditions typically employed in formate electrooxidation and the main electrochemical parameters for the comparison of anodic electrocatalysts to be applied in a FA fuel cell. We focused on the electrocatalytic performance in terms of onset potential and peak current density obtained during cyclic voltammetry measurements and on catalyst stability. Moreover, we handpicked a list of the most relevant examples that can be used for benchmarking and referencing future developments in the field.

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Section: Bimetallic and Trimetallic Pt-based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bimetallic and Trimetallic Pt-based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Platinum For Formic Acid/formate Electrooxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benchmarking Catalysts for Formic Acid/Formate Electrooxidation

et al. 2021

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“…The anode electrocatalyst for the single cell experiments was carbon-supported palladium-platinum nanoparticles, PdPt/C, with 20 wt.% of metal, and with atomic ratio of 4:1 (Pd:Pt), according to the best results previously published by Vielstich et al [2,51]. For the synthesis, 26.60 mg of PdCl 2 and 10.62 mg of H 2 PtCl 6 ·6H 2 O were dissolved in water in the presence of 200 mg of Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 (used as a stabilizer, which prevents or limits the growth of the nanoparticles).…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Anode Electrocatalyst For The Single Cell Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This consisted of a Passive Air-Breathing Direct Formate Fuel Cell, constructed based on previous publications [2,51]. In this cell, the fuel and the electrolyte fill the cell volume, with the anode fully immersed in the electrolyte, and with one of the sides of the cathode exposed to the air via a gas diffusion layer.…”

Section: Measurements In Single Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Earth-Abundant Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for the Cathode of Passive Air-Breathing Direct Formate Fuel Cells

2018

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Abstract:The development of direct formate fuel cells encounters important obstacles related to the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and low tolerance to formate ions in Pt-based cathodes. In this study, electrocatalysts formed by earth-abundant elements were synthesized, and their activity and selectivity for the ORR were tested in alkaline electrolyte. The results showed that carbon-encapsulated iron-cobalt alloy nanoparticles and carbon-supported metal nitrides, characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), do not present significant activity for the ORR, showing the same half-wave potential of Vulcan carbon. Contrarily, nitrogen-doped carbon, synthesized using imidazole as the nitrogen source, showed an increase in the half-wave potential, evidencing an influential role of nitrogen in the ORR electrocatalysis. The synthesis with the combination of Vulcan, imidazole, and iron or cobalt precursors resulted in the formation of nitrogen-coordinated iron (or cobalt) moieties, inserted in a carbon matrix, as revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Steady-state polarization curves for the ORR evidenced a synergistic effect between Fe and Co when these two metals were included in the synthesis (FeCo-N-C material), showing higher activity and higher limiting current density than the materials prepared only with Fe or Co. The FeCo-N-C material presented not only the highest activity for the ORR (approaching that of the state-of-the-art Pt/C) but also high tolerance to the presence of formate ions in the electrolyte. In addition, measurements with FeCo-N-C in the cathode of an passive air-breathing direct formate fuel cells, (natural diffusion of formate), showed peak power densities of 15.5 and 10.5 mW cm −2 using hydroxide and carbonate-based electrolytes, respectively, and high stability over 120 h of operation.

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History of low temperature fuel cells

Sandstede¹,

Cairns

Bagotsky

et al. 2010

Handbook of Fuel Cells

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From this chapter it will be seen that the history of the development of fuel cells runs through several phases. In a beforehand phase, the development of energy in its various forms and also of automobiles and especially electric vehicles has been described. Then it has been discussed that three scientific fields were beforehand of the fuel cell effect, namely the Chemical Technology of gases (discovery of hydrogen and oxygen), Catalysis, and electrochemistry (discovery of the battery by Alessandro Volta). The first phase started with the discovery of the fuel cell effect by Christian Friedrich Schoenbein in January 1839 and the invention of the fuel cell by William Robert Grove in 1842 and passed through the invention of porous electrodes and_stack formation to the introduction of a matrix for the uptake of the electrolyte in 1889. The second phase began with motivation by Wilhelm Ostwald. Many researchers dealt with high and low‐temperature fuel cells and the development of hydrophobic electrodes. In the middle of the last century, the third phase began and the basis of our present systems was laid. The cell types of Bacon and Grubb lead to the application in space. The fourth phase started with the phosphoric acid fuel cell, and the uptake of the development of the proton exchange fuel cell and solid oxide fuel cell, also in Japan, which was followed by the technology development of fuel cells for transportation, for education, for stationary and for portable application.

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Einfluß von Edelmetall-Mischkatalysatoren auf die anodische Oxydation von Methanol und Formiat

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Benchmarking Catalysts for Formic Acid/Formate Electrooxidation

Benchmarking Catalysts for Formic Acid/Formate Electrooxidation

Investigation of Earth-Abundant Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for the Cathode of Passive Air-Breathing Direct Formate Fuel Cells

History of low temperature fuel cells

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