Einfluß des Stickstoffangebotes auf Substanzbildung, Erntegewicht und Qualität der Zuckerrübe unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Temperatur und Globalstrahlung in Gefäßversuchen

Autumn sown sugar beets (winter beets) are expected to yield markedly higher than spring sown beets. This requires a continuous growth during an extended growing period. So far, bolting‐resistant sugar beet varieties are not available to test winter beets under field conditions in Central Europe. The objective of this study was therefore to analyse yield formation and sugar storage of sugar beet plants during an extended growing period to estimate whether sugar beet has the potential to generate the theoretically expected yield increase. From 2008 to 2012, pot experiments were carried out in the glasshouse with 11 sowing dates spread over the years with sequential harvests. The oldest plants were grown for 859 days (14 242 °Cd). Root fresh matter yield continuously increased till the latest harvest. In contrast, the sugar concentration reached an optimum value between 3400 and 5000 °Cd and then decreased with time. Despite longer growing periods, the number of cambium rings, which are regarded as essential for sugar storage, did not change. This points to an early and genetically fixed determination of the formation of cambium rings. Additionally, the rate of photosynthesis decreased concomitantly with the sugar concentration. In conclusion, there is some evidence that the sugar concentration of the storage root is limited by the sink capacity, which in turn controls the source activity by a feedback regulation of photosynthesis and leaf formation. The dry matter composition of the storage root changed towards lower sugar concentration and concurrent higher concentration of cell wall compounds (marc). The sugar yield still increased beyond a thermal time at which winter beets will probably be harvested in practice. Hence, the theoretical yield increase in autumn sown sugar beets can be realized, provided that the plants show sufficient winter hardiness and bolting resistance.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Effect of Extending the Growing Period on Yield Formation of Sugar Beet

Schnepel¹,

Hoffmann²

2015

“…Angaben zur VersuchsanJage und Versuchsdurchfiihrung finden sich in Teil 1 dieser Studie (BORCKY 1991).…”

Section: Materials Und Methodenunclassified

Einfluß des Stickstoffangebotes auf Wasserverbrauch und Stoffproduktion der Zuckerrübe in Gefäßversuchen

Bürcky

1993

Self Cite

Influence of nitrogen supply on water consumption and dry matter production of sugar beet in pot experiments This paper describes the influence of nitrogen on water consumption, dry matter production and water use efficiency (WUE) of sugar beet. The experiments, conducted in 1988 and 1989 using sand culture in pots, included five nitrogen levels from 2 to 16 g/pot. Beet roots were heaviest where the N‐supply was 8 g/pot. Top weight increased considerably up to 16 g N/ pot. Therefore plant dry weight was greatest where the N‐supply was maximum. Overall, in 1989 dry matter production (g/pot) was 20 % greater than in 1988 because the beet roots were heavier. Water consumption increased with nitrogen supply. At the largest N‐doses water consumption was 110 1 (1988) and 140 1 (1989). This was three times the amount used at the smallest N‐supply. Over the whole season WUE was greatest at 4 g N/pot and lower at both extremes of N‐supply. Independently of N‐supply, production of plant dry matter per litre of water consumed was between 4.9 and 6.0 g. For root dry matter, equivalent values were 3.7 and 4.6 g/l, and for white sugar yield they were 2.3 and 3.1 g/1

“…As a result of appropriate weather conditions (Scott and Jaggard 1993), this potential is nearly fulfilled in certain years and fields in Central Europe. In spring, temperature is the main factor determining field emergence (Hoffmann 1997) and leaf area formation (Bürcky 1991, Büchse and Röver 1998). During the first half of the season, growth of the storage root depends on the leaf area index, whereas there is almost no relationship between leaf area index and root growth rate later (Kenter and Hoffmann 2002).…”

Section: Yield Potential Quality Assessment and Technological Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Situation and Yield Performance of the Sugar Beet Crop in Germany: Heading for Sustainable Development

Märländer¹,

Hoffmann²,

Koch³

et al. 2003

150

The environmental situation and current yield performance of sugar beet production in Germany are described and compared to those in other European regions. A continuous increase in yield performance and enhanced technical quality have been achieved through progress in breeding and improvements in crop management systems. This rise in yield potential has been brought about not by increased production intensity, but by better use of natural resources and production factors. In Germany, legislation rules many environmental aspects of agricultural plant production, and special laws are in force concerning fertilizer use, soil protection, and pesticide use. In sugar beet, nitrogen fertilizer use has decreased greatly and may be reduced further in some regions. A further reduction of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer use does not seem to be appropriate. Conservation tillage contributes to soil protection and is already performed on > 100 000 ha of land growing sugar beet. Strategies of integrated production aim to reduce pesticide use to the bare minimum. Integrated pest management is effective to control insects, nematodes and leaf spot diseases. Pesticide use in sugar beet is dominated by herbicide application. The most promising strategy to reduce the amount of active ingredient seems to be the growing of genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant varieties. Possible directions for future research are discussed, and the prospects for sustainable development, in terms of economic, ecological and social factors, are considered.