Ein genetischer und zytologischer Beweis für Vererbung im Y-Chromosom vonDrosophila melanogaster

Stern, Curt

doi:10.1007/bf01740987

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Indeed, aneuploid flies lacking it, with an X0 karyotype, are viable males [61,62] and only show a weak thinning and shortening of bristles and sometimes etching of the abdomen. We now know that these visible phenotypes are mainly due to the reduced number of rRNA-coding genes, which are located in the constitutive heterochromatin of both sex chromosomes [54,63,64,65,66,67,68,69] and are responsible for X-Y pairing during the male meiosis [70]. The Y chromosome was also demonstrated to be genetically inert [71] and entirely heterochromatic [72,73,74].…”

Section: The Y Chromosome Of D Melanogaster and Its Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Roles of the Y Chromosome in the Biology ofDrosophila melanogaster

Piergentili

2010

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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The X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster were the first examples of chromosomes associated with genetic information. Thanks to the serendipitous discovery of a male with white eyes in 1910, T.H. Morgan was able to associate the X chromosome of the fruit fly with a phenotypic character (the eye color) for the first time. A few years later, his student, C.B. Bridges, demonstrated that X0 males, although phenotypically normal, are completely sterile. This means that the X chromosome, like the autosomes, harbors genes that control several phenotypic traits, while the Y chromosome is important for male fertility only. Notwithstanding its long history – almost 100 years in terms of genetic studies – most of the features of the Y chromosome are still a mystery. This is due to the intrinsic nature of this genetic element, namely, (1) its molecular composition (mainly transposable elements and satellite DNA), (2) its genetic inertia (lack of recombination due to its heterochromatic nature), (3) the absence of homology with the X (with the only exception of the nucleolar organizer), (4) the lack of visible phenotypes when it is missing (indeed, except for their sterility, X0 flies are normal males), and (5) its low density as for protein-coding sequences (to date, only 13 genes out of approximately 14,000 have been mapped on this chromosome in D. melanogaster, i.e., ~0.1% of the total). Nonetheless, a more accurate analysis reveals that this chromosome can influence several complex phenotypes: (1) it has a role in the fertility of both sexes and viability of males when over-represented; (2) it can unbalance the intracellular nucleotide pool; (3) it can interfere with the gene expression either by recruiting proteins involved in chromatin remodeling (PEV) or, to a higher extent, by influencing the expression of up to 1,000 different genes, probably by changing the availability of transcription factors; (4) it plays a major role (up to 50%) in the resistance to heat-induced male sterility; (5) it affects the behavior; and (6) it plays a role in genetic imprinting. In the present paper, all these Y-related phenotypes are described and a potential similarity with the human Y chromosome is drawn.

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Section: The Y Chromosome Of D Melanogaster and Its Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Roles of the Y Chromosome in the Biology ofDrosophila melanogaster

Piergentili

2010

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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“…A second function which is attributed to the Y chromosome is that of the nucleolus organizer, probably to be identified with the bobbed locus (Ritossa and Spiegelman, 1965;. In D. affinis Sturtevant (1940) found that Y chromosomes from several localities failed to carry a wild type allele of the bobbed locus, unlike the Y chromosome of D. melanogaster (Stern, 1927). The failure of the Y chromosome of D. affinis to genetically express a wild type allele for the bobbed locus is not unique.…”

Section: "-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility and Fitness of XO Males in Drosophila I. Qualitative Study

Voelker¹,

Kojima²

1971

Evolution

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“…Deficiencies of X-linked rDNA have been associated with short bristles (the 'bobbed' phenotype), longer developmental time, and in extreme cases, abnormal segregation. Observation of the short bristle phenotype led to the discovery of the bobbed locus, and the early identification of X and Y-linked factors affecting bobbed (Stern, 1927). Posterior macroscutellar bristle length is now known to be highly correlated with the number of functional X-linked rDNA copies (Dutton & Krider, 1985), and the effect of variation in X-linked rDNA copies on abdominal bristle number is influenced by the number of Y-linked rDNA copies (Frankham et al 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Population genetics of the Y chromosome ofDrosophila melanogaster: rDNA variation and phenotypic correlates

1991

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One means of examining the evolutionary significance of molecular variation on the Y chromosome is to identify phenotypes specifically affected by Y-linked genes, and to quantify the phenotypic variation and its correlation to the molecular variation. The functional importance of the Y-linked array of rRNA genes is demonstrated by the ability of Y chromosome to rescue Xlinked bobbed lethal alleles, whose lethality is seen in homozygous females. Because low numbers of X-linked rDNA gene copies result in increased developmental time and shortened bristles, and because there is considerable natural variation in Y-linked copy number, a careful examination of Y-linked variation in these two traits may uncover a mode of selection acting on the multigene family. In this study, 36 Y-chromosome replacement lines were tested to detect subtle variation in bristle phenotypes and developmental rates. Correlations among these traits, rDNA gene copy number, and intergenic sequence length were quantified. The absence of significant correlations between phenotypic characters and rDNA copy number or intergenic sequence length suggests that the extant molecular variation in Y-linked rDNA can have at most very small selective effects.

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Ein genetischer und zytologischer Beweis für Vererbung im Y-Chromosom vonDrosophila melanogaster

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Multiple Roles of the Y Chromosome in the Biology ofDrosophila melanogaster

Multiple Roles of the Y Chromosome in the Biology ofDrosophila melanogaster

Fertility and Fitness of XO Males in Drosophila I. Qualitative Study

Population genetics of the Y chromosome ofDrosophila melanogaster: rDNA variation and phenotypic correlates

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