“…There are also several other important publications within non-formalist musicology which combine semiotic, sociological, psychological and hermeneutic approaches, thereby offering ideas which might be useful in the analysis of popular music. Apart from pioneer work carried out in prewar Germany (see Rösing 1981) and by Francès (1972), I should mention in this context publications by Karbušicky (1973), Rösing (1977), Ling (1978b) andTarasti (1978). However, in none of these publications are the analytical models applied to popular music; this still remains an extremely difficult area, as Rösing (1981) points out in his critique of several West German attempts at tackling the problem.…”