Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis spectroskopischer Methoden

Konen, Heinrich

doi:10.1002/andp.19023141203

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Under these conditions we really have a discharge in a small vapour-filled cavity of which the walls consist of the liquid itself, and the results seem to admit therefore of only one interpretation. K onen (35) has similarly obtained the Swan bands in the arc burned under various liquids, but in this case the possibility of contamination is appreciable.…”

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 95%

V. The structure and origin of the Swan band spectrum of carbon

Johnson

1927

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A

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Since its discovery by W. Swan almost exactly seventy years ago, speculations as to the origin of this familiar band spectrum have been prolific in spectroscopic literature. A good summary of these opinions and the experimental data upon which they were founded is given by Watts (1), writing in 1914. With the exception of one or two writers, the two opposing schools have favoured a Carbon molecule and a Hydrocarbon molecule, respectively. The latter school have for the most part specified in particular an acetylene molecule. Thus among a vast number of experimenters Van der Willigen (1859), Attfield (1862-1875), Dibbits (1864), Morren (1865), Plucker and Hittorf (1865), Huggins (1868), Wullner (1872), Salet (1873), Secchi (1873), Ciamician (1880), Deslandres (1888), and Eder (1890), favoured a carbon molecule (presumably Ca). On the other hand Swan (1856), Angstrom and Thalen (1875), Liveing and Dewar (1880), and many others favoured a hydrocarbon. The latter writers conducted a great deal of careful research (2) on the flames of Carbon compounds, the vacuum tube spectra of Carbon gases, and the Carbon arc in various gases, and they affirm that the emitter is an acetylene molecule, since this gas can be withdrawn from the flames of burning hydrocarbons which, show the bands well. In the light of our present knowledge one or two comments are suggested as we review all this work. It is clear that in the vast quantity of experimental work of the former school the extraordinary difficulty of ensuring the complete absence of Hydrogen—either occluded in the carbons or present as water vapour—was not appreciated. We have, for example, a similar and comparatively recent controversy (3) with reference to the origin of the Nitrogen afterglow, in which the degree of freedom from Oxygen of a sample of Nitrogen was the point at issue. Another very natural idea which prevailed until recently was that the emitters of band spectra were necessarily molecules known to chemistry, the most stable ones being those most likely to radiate under discharge conditions. Our present views are almost the reverse of these, and it seems probable that polar molecules cannot radiate band spectra at all. An excellent paper representative of these views has recently been published by Mulliken (4)—“On a class of one-valence electron emitters.” The old ideas, therefore, which led to the choice of an acetylene molecule as the radiator of the Swan bands were certainly ill-founded, but by a coincidence it happens that a C 2 H 2 molecule must now be quite definitely accepted as their emitter. The present paper contains the evidence for this statement. Hitherto measurements of the fine structure of only three heads have been available, and these from photographs take under arc conditions. It has been found desirable to make a complete re-measurement of the fine structure of these and other heads under new low temperature conditions of production. Some 2,000 lines are tabulated. A considerable number of these have been given series assignment, and the modern quantum theory of band spectra in its various aspects has been applied to the data. The scope of the resulting analysis may be gauged from the table of contents.

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Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 95%

V. The structure and origin of the Swan band spectrum of carbon

Johnson

1927

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A

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“…The structure of the Co II spectrum is being investigated by Meggers and Burns, and the combinations for Co + lines in Table 3 are quoted from their preliminary results. A low metastable state of ionized cobalt is represented by a quintet F term arising from the configuration (s, d 7 ) after one of the s electrons of the normal atom has been removed. Practically all of the absorbed spark lines involve this term, and the additional fact that most of these lines have been observed self-reversed in the ordinary emission spectrum of a condensed spark between cobalt electrodes is experimental proof that a 5 F is a term with low energy.…”

Section: °-27mentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption spectra of iron, cobalt, and nickel

Meggers¹,

Walters²

1927

SCI. PA. NATL. BUR. STAND.

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The underwater spark absorption spectra, as well as the ordinary vapor absorptions, have been investigated by others, but not in sufficient detail in connection with the spectral structures of Fe, Co, and Ni. Employing high potential condensed sparks between electrodes of iron, cobalt, and nickel immersed in water, the underwater spark spectra of these metals were reexamined throughout the visible and ultraviolet regions. The spectrograms show 265 iron lines (2166 to 4404 A), 340 cobalt lines (2137 to 4121 A), and 225 nickel lines (2124 to 3858 A) absorbed in the source. In each case the majority of these are identical with the stronger lines of the arc-emission spectra, and practically all such lines are found to involve either the normal state or some low metastable state of the neutral atoms. These results confirm and extend the known spectral structures for neutral Fe, Co, and Ni; the normal states of these atoms are represented by 5 D, 4 F, and 3 F terms, respectively. The type of source used showed most of the metallic spark lines in emission, but certain groups were present in absorption with low intensity.

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Spektralanalytische Untersuchung des Glimmlichtes an Spitzen

Dechend

1909

Annalen der Physik

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Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis spectroskopischer Methoden

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

V. The structure and origin of the Swan band spectrum of carbon

V. The structure and origin of the Swan band spectrum of carbon

Absorption spectra of iron, cobalt, and nickel

Spektralanalytische Untersuchung des Glimmlichtes an Spitzen

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