Eimeria stiedae: Experimental infection in rabbits and the effect of treatment with toltrazuril and ivermectin

Çam, Y.; Atasever, Ayhan; Eraslan, Gökhan; Kibar, Murat; Atalay, O.; Beyaz, Latife; İncı, Abdullah; Liman, Bilal Cem

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2008.01.005

Cited by 53 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, intestinal mucosal anti-oxidative proficiency is also critical for healthier intestine [46]. Lower expressions of ant-oxidant enzymes can be caused by the production of nitric oxide (NO) resulting of intestinal cellular destruction, which refers the anti-oxidant capacity of the defense system would be exceeded during Eimeria infection [47]. Maximum anti-oxidant activity leads to conflict the free radicals during infection [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of probiotics and Bidens pilosa on the performance and gut health of chicken during induced E. tenella infection

Memon

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Probiotics and Medicinal plants are widely used as an alternative to treat different kinds of the acute and chronic diseases in all over the world. Bidens pilosa is commonly used as foods and therapeutics against various pathogens including protozoan. In the present study probiotics and Bidens pilosa were used to explore the anticoccidial activity during experimental infection of Eimeria tenella ( E. tenella ) in chicken Methods One hundred and fifty one-day-old Chinese yellow breed chickens were divided into five equal groups. Group 1 was kept as control group (CG; un-treated, unchallenged). All other groups were inoculated with E. tenella sporulated oocysts on day 21 of age. Group 2 was kept as positive control (CPG; un-treated, challenged). Group 3 was treated with probiotics (PG) at the rate of 1g/kg of feed. Group 4 was treated with Bidens pilosa (BPG) at the dose of 0.5%/kg of feed. Group 5 was kept as probiotics + Bidens pilosa group (PG + BPG). All birds were weighed initially, day of infection and the final day of experiment. On day 5, 6, 7 and 8 post-infection (PI), bloody diarrhea was scored as normal (0) to sever (1, 2, 3 and 4), at the same time oocysts shedding was quantified by McMaster method. Gross caecal lesion scoring was checked at the final day of experiment. The apoptosis related gene expressions (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3), anti-oxidant enzymatic expressions (CAT, SOD 1), Peptide transporter 1 (PepT 1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) and tight junction proteins expressions (CLDN 1, ZO 1) were checked by real time PCR. All related gene expressions average relative to β-actin was calculated by 2−ΔΔCt method. Results Birds treated with probiotics, Bidens pilosa and probiotics + Bidens pilosa slightly increased the body weight gain, significantly reduced oocysts shedding, destructive ratio of ceaca and mortality % than control positive group. CPG birds up-regulated the expressions of Bcl-2 while down-regulated the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 as compared to PG, BPG and PG + BPG groups. Moreover, Eimeria challenged chickens supplemented with probiotics, Bidens pilosa alone and combined showed higher anti-oxidant enzymatic activity than those of challenged un-treated chickens. Additionally, the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tight junction related proteins were also up-regulated by the treated challenged than un-treated challenged chickens. Conclusion Present results revealed that, feed supplementation of probiotics and Bides pilosa induced apoptosis, enhanced anti-oxidant enzymatic activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as tight junction proteins and reduce mortality during E.tenella infection in chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of probiotics and Bidens pilosa on the performance and gut health of chicken during induced E. tenella infection

Memon

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…EC broilers fed the NS diet had lower CAT activity but higher SOD activity than EC broilers fed the dl -Met or dl -MMet diets. The reduction in CAT expression and consequently in CAT activity might have been caused by NO production and as a result of cellular damage in the jejunum [71, 72], which allows us to infer that the formation of toxic substances during the coccidial infection exceeded the antioxidant capacity of the defense system. This condition might have been further aggravated by methionine deficiency and by the fact that NO can inhibit the enzyme glutathione peroxidase [73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplementation with free methionine or methionine dipeptide mitigates intestinal oxidative stress induced by Eimeria spp. challenge in broiler chickens

Khatlab

Vesco

Neto³

et al. 2019

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background This study evaluated the effects of Eimeria spp. challenge and dietary supplementation with free methionine or methionine dipeptide on animal performance; expression of genes associated with the immune system, antioxidant system, and amino acid transport in the jejunum; and redox status of the jejunum of broiler chickens. Methods A randomized, 2 × 3 factorial design was used, in which Eimeria spp . challenge was the first factor ( Eimeria -challenged, EC, or unchallenged, UC, broilers) and methionine supplementation was the second factor (non-supplemented, NS; free dl -methionine, dl -Met; and methionine dipeptide, dl -methionyl- dl -methionine, dl -MMet). At 14 days of age, chickens were inoculated orally with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina , Eimeria praecox , Eimeria maxima , and Eimeria mitis . Birds were killed by cervical dislocation 144 h post-inoculation (PI), and the jejunum was collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. Results EC broilers had a 13% lower feed intake (FI), 37% lower body weight gain (BWG), and 39% higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) than UC broilers. Chickens fed the dl -Met diet had higher BWG (about 12% higher) and better FCR (about 12% lower) than chickens fed the NS diet. EC chickens had lower relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius (51.8%) and higher relative weights of the spleen and whole intestine (53.6% and 26.3%, respectively) than UC chickens. Eimeria spp. challenge led to an increase in the levels of oxidative substances, such as nitrite and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), in the jejunum of chickens 144 h PI. Among UC chickens, those fed the dl -Met diet had higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lower catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. EC chickens that received the NS diet had higher carbonylated protein content (CP). This result was associated with their lower TAC and catalase activity. The lower TAC in EC chickens might have been due to reduced expression of catalase ( CAT ) and superoxide dismutase 1 ( SOD1 ) genes. Chickens fed the dl -Met and dl -MMet diets had lower nitrite content. Eimeria spp. challenge suppressed neutral amino acid transporter 1 ( B 0 AT1) , peptide transporter 1 ( PEPT1) , toll-like receptor 5 ( TLR5) ...

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“…Several studies, meanwhile, have postulated that the decrease in CAT and GSH activity during the course of eimeriosis might be due to the cellular defence systems being overwhelmed by excessive formation of reactive compounds, and that this is suggestive of oxidative stress (Eraslan et al 2004, Ahmed and Hassan 2007, Çam et al 2008. The increases in MDA and NO and decreases in CAT and GSH observed in this study tend to support this picture of impaired antioxidant status and the occurrence of oxidative stress in rabbits infected with E. intestinalis.…”

Section: Fig 4 Quantitative Rt-pcr Analysis Of Interleukin-1β (Il-1β)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression, oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in rabbit ileum experimentally infected with Eimeria intestinalis

Abdel-Haleem¹,

Aboelhadid²,

Sakran³

et al. 2017

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract:Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by protists (apicomplexans) of the genus Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and is considered to be the most important disease faced by rabbit breeders due to its high morbidity. In the present study, the antioxidant status and changes in apoptosis and in the expression of some genes were quantified in rabbits' ilea following infection with Eimeria intestinalis Cheissin, 1948. Rabbits, orally infected with 1 × 10 5 sporulated oocysts of E. intestinalis, started to shed oocysts in their faeces on 8 days post infection (dpi) and reached maximum excretion on 10 dpi, with approximately 5 million oocysts. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the live body weight of infected rabbits. Also, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were significantly increased while catalase and glutathione were significantly decreased in the ileum tissues of the infected rabbits. In addition, a significant increase was observed in the percentages of apoptotic cells in the ilea of the infected rabbits. Furthermore, interleukin-1β and interleukin-2 mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated and mRNA levels of interleukin-6, interferon gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly up-regulated, while those of C-reactive protein remained unchanged. We conclude that infection with E. intestinalis induces oxidative stress, a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells and a diverse and robust Th1 and Th1-related cytokine response in the ileum tissues.

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Eimeria stiedae: Experimental infection in rabbits and the effect of treatment with toltrazuril and ivermectin

Cited by 53 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of probiotics and Bidens pilosa on the performance and gut health of chicken during induced E. tenella infection

Effects of probiotics and Bidens pilosa on the performance and gut health of chicken during induced E. tenella infection

Dietary supplementation with free methionine or methionine dipeptide mitigates intestinal oxidative stress induced by Eimeria spp. challenge in broiler chickens

Gene expression, oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in rabbit ileum experimentally infected with Eimeria intestinalis

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