“…Tilting disk valves showed more thromboemboli when in the mitral position than in the aortic position (Table 2). [12][13][14][15][16] Withholding prophylaxis, or the use of prophylaxis with antiplatelet agents alone in patients with the Bjö rk-Shiley spherical disk valve, showed unsatisfactory results. 17…”
Section: Tilting Disk Valvesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Data from several individual reports show varying frequencies of bleeding with increasing levels of the INR (Table 3). 1,2,5,6,9,13,15,19,22,23 Cannegieter and associates 9 showed that the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke increased once the INR rose to Ն 4.0, and a sharp increase occurred at an INR of 5.0. Van der Meer and associates 24 showed a sequentially increased rate of bleeding as the INR increased from 3.0 to 6.0.…”
“…Tilting disk valves showed more thromboemboli when in the mitral position than in the aortic position (Table 2). [12][13][14][15][16] Withholding prophylaxis, or the use of prophylaxis with antiplatelet agents alone in patients with the Bjö rk-Shiley spherical disk valve, showed unsatisfactory results. 17…”
Section: Tilting Disk Valvesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Data from several individual reports show varying frequencies of bleeding with increasing levels of the INR (Table 3). 1,2,5,6,9,13,15,19,22,23 Cannegieter and associates 9 showed that the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke increased once the INR rose to Ն 4.0, and a sharp increase occurred at an INR of 5.0. Van der Meer and associates 24 showed a sequentially increased rate of bleeding as the INR increased from 3.0 to 6.0.…”
“…This experience has shown that the operating surgeon is an important factor, as reported by others. 11 − 16,18,19 In this series, only associated mitral disease, especially mitral stenosis, precluded the use of a large prosthesis. The study on cadaveric hearts showed that the dimensions of aortic valves in the Indian population are similar to those of the Western population.…”
A retrospective analysis was performed to determine the surgeon's impact on the selection of the size of prosthesis in aortic valve replacement. From January 1993 through December 1997, 748 patients underwent either isolated aortic valve replacement (530) or double valve replacement (218) with bileaflet valves. Depending on the operating surgeon, patients were divided into group A (367) or group B (381). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables in both groups were compared. Groups A and B were identical in demographic and clinical profiles. Cardiopulmonary bypass time, ischemic time, and early and late results in both groups were similar. Significantly more patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement in group A (169; 67.9%) received a large (≥ 25 mm) prosthesis compared with group B (69; 24.5%). Compared with group B, a large prosthesis was used in a significantly greater proportion of all patients in group A, irrespective of etiology, predominant aortic valve lesion, and age of the patient. Overall, the operating surgeon was identified as the most important predictor (odds ratio 3.5; p < 0.0001) of use of a large valve.
“…This article discusses patient sex differences in valvular surgery outcomes. 49 Neither of these foreign language articles made clear references to provider's sex or gender.…”
ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to assess the role of physician’s sex and gender in relation to processes of care and/or clinical outcomes within the context of cardiac operative care.DesignA systematic review.Data sourcesSearches were conducted in PsycINFO, Embase and Medline from inception to 6 September 2018. The reference lists of relevant systematic reviews and included studies were also searched.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesQuantitative studies of any design were included if they were published in English or French, involved patients of any age undergoing a cardiac surgical procedure and specifically assessed differences in processes of care or clinical patient outcomes by physician’s sex or gender. Studies were screened in duplicate by two pairs of independent reviewers.Outcome measuresProcesses of care, patient morbidity and patient mortality.ResultsThe search yielded 2095 publications after duplicate removal, of which two were ultimately included. These studies involved various types of surgery, including cardiac. One study found that patients treated by female surgeons compared with male surgeons had a lower 30-day mortality. The other study, however, found no differences in patient outcomes by surgeon’s sex. There were no studies that investigated anaesthesiologist’s sex/gender. There were also no studies investing physician’s sex or gender exclusively in the cardiac operating room.ConclusionsThe limited data surrounding the impact of physician’s sex/gender on the outcomes of cardiac surgery inhibits drawing a robust conclusion at this time. Results highlight the need for primary research to determine how these factors may influence cardiac operative practice, in order to optimise provider’s performance and improve outcomes in this high-risk patient group.
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