Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Therapeutic Targets for Management of Periodontitis and Diabetes

“…One of these studies found increased INS sensitivity through up regulation of GLUT-4, IRS-1 and PPARγ after treatment of ob/ob mice with 1.2 ng/g body weight RvE1 every 24 h for 4 days [140]. In addition EPA, the co -3 fatty acid precursor for RvE1, was found to up regulate PPARγ in spleen CD4 T cells [222]. Altogether, these findings suggest that DHA/EPA-derived lipid mediators can promote DM-associated inflammation and improve INS sensitivity.…”

Multiple Sclerosis

“…MS is a chronic neurological inflammatory disease that affects the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS) due to the formation of multiple foci inflammatory lesions (Gourraud et al, 2012;Unoda et al, 2013). In a healthy individual, when the CNS is stimulated, the brain provides a response via an action potential that is relayed through the cells of the CNS.…”

“…Each of these mechanisms may contribute to oligodendrocyte and neuronal damage and even to cell death, hence the varying degrees of progression and remission. The immune-mediated inflammation is mediated primarily by myelin specific CD4 1 T-cells, whereas CD8 1 T-cells and antibodies have been identified as causing axonal damage (Van Meeteren et al, 2005;Unoda et al, 2013). Other inflammatory cells and mediators such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce axonal loss as well as demyelination.…”

“…In ApoE-deficient mice, EPA supplementation suppressed the development of atherosclerosis by suppressing the expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells and of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and MMP-9 in macrophages through a peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor PPARα-dependent pathway. These omega-3 PUFA augmented adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, in a PPARγ-dependent manner, improved insulin resistance and gave rise to a family of anti-inflammatory mediators termed resolvins via trans-cellular biosynthesis (Unoda et al, 2013).…”

Fatty acids regulation of inflammatory and metabolic genes

“…Unoda et al [14] investigated the therapeutic effects of ultrapurified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in an animal model for multiple sclerosis. They showed that administration of EPA 7 days after immunization induced expression of all three PPARs types and almost completely blocked the production of inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system.…”