Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation increases calcium balance

Kruger, Marlena C.; Coetzer, H.; Winter, Robbert de; Claassen, Nico

doi:10.1016/0271-5317(95)92587-a

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For instance, addition of AA and DHA to formula resulted in significantly higher weight and greater bone mineral density (Weiler, 2000) and elevated femur calcium in piglets (Mollard & Weiler, 2006). Supplementation of fish oil reduced faecal calcium and urine calcium excretion and consequently improved calcium absorption, since increased unsaturation of the intestinal membrane lipids may facilitate calcium absorption (Kruger, Coetzer, De Winter, & Claassen, 1995;Kruger & Schollum, 2005). In growing rats, however, supplementation of GLA and EPA/DHA had no effect on bone mineral mass (Kelly, Cusack, Jewell, & Cashman, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

New human milk fat substitutes from butterfat to improve fat absorption

Andersen

et al. 2010

Food Research International

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

New human milk fat substitutes from butterfat to improve fat absorption

Andersen

et al. 2010

Food Research International

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“…Dietary supplementation with ω-3 polyunsaturated rich oils has been linked to increased calcium balance and bone formation rate during growth [26] as well as improved maintenance of bone mass post-ovariectomy [27]. Both DHA and total ω-3 PUFA strongly correlate with bone mineral content (BMC) in the femur of growing rats [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTH1 Receptor Is Involved in Mediating Cellular Response to Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

2012

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The molecular pathways by which long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) influence skeletal health remain elusive. Both LCPUFA and parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R) are known to be involved in bone metabolism while any direct link between the two is yet to be established. Here we report that LCPUFA are capable of direct, PTH1R dependent activation of extracellular ligand-regulated kinases (ERK). From a wide range of fatty acids studied, varying in chain length, saturation, and position of double bonds, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic fatty acids (DHA) caused the highest ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, EPA potentiated the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH(1–34)) in a superagonistic manner. EPA or DHA dependent ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by the PTH1R antagonist and by knockdown of PTH1R. Inhibition of PTH1R downstream signaling molecules, protein kinases A (PKA) and C (PKC), reduced EPA and DHA dependent ERK phosphorylation indicating that fatty acids predominantly activate G-protein pathway and not the β-arrestin pathway. Using picosecond time-resolved fluorescence microscopy and a genetically engineered PTH1R sensor (PTH-CC), we detected conformational responses to EPA similar to those caused by PTH(1–34). PTH1R antagonist blocked the EPA induced conformational response of the PTH-CC. Competitive binding studies using fluorescence anisotropy technique showed that EPA and DHA competitively bind to and alter the affinity of PTH1 receptor to PTH(1–34) leading to a superagonistic response. Finally, we showed that EPA stimulates protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation in a PTH1R-dependent manner and affects the osteoblast survival pathway, by inhibiting glucocorticoid-induced cell death. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that LCPUFAs, EPA and DHA, can activate PTH1R receptor at nanomolar concentrations and consequently provide a putative molecular mechanism for the action of fatty acids in bone.

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“…However, dietary supplementation with either fish oil or evening primrose oil in rats receiving a calcium-adequate diet results in increased calcium transport across the basolateral membrane 45 and decreased faecal calcium excretion. 46,47 It is possible that physiological changes brought about by increased membrane content of LCPUFAs led to increased passive, as well as active, calcium transport. The n-6 LCPUFA may be less effective than n-3 LCPUFA in promoting calcium absorption because an increase in overall calcium balance has only been observed with fish oil supplementation.…”

Section: Calcium Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The n-6 LCPUFA may be less effective than n-3 LCPUFA in promoting calcium absorption because an increase in overall calcium balance has only been observed with fish oil supplementation. 46,47 There is some evidence that one of the mechanisms by which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D promotes intestinal calcium absorption is by increasing the concentration of highly unsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids. 47 Membrane LCPUFAs content is known to affect the structure, fluidity and polarity of membranes, as well as the relative proportion of membrane-bound proteins.…”

Section: Calcium Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46,47 There is some evidence that one of the mechanisms by which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D promotes intestinal calcium absorption is by increasing the concentration of highly unsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids. 47 Membrane LCPUFAs content is known to affect the structure, fluidity and polarity of membranes, as well as the relative proportion of membrane-bound proteins. 48 Structurally, membranes are composed of 'liquid disordered' phospholipids interspersed with tightly packed, more orderly 'lipid rafts' that consist of sphingolipids and cholesterol.…”

Section: Calcium Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone health

Maggio

Artoni

Lauretani³

et al. 2011

Rev. Clin. Gerontol.

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The essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are divided into two classes, n-3 (ω-3) and n-6 (ω-6) and their dietary precursors are α-linolenic (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), respectively. PUFAs are precursors of a wide range of metabolites, for example eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which play critical roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including bone metabolism. A large body of evidence supports an effect of PUFA on bone metabolism which may be mediated by regulation of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclast activity, change of membrane function, decrease in inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), modulation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ ) and influence in NO secretion and NO synthase. Animal studies have shown that a higher dietary omega-3/ omega-6 fatty acids ratio is associated with beneficial effects on bone health. Human studies conducted in elderly subjects suggest that omega-3 instead of omega-6 has a positive effect on bone metabolism. In spite of increasing evidence, studies conducted in humans do not allow us to draw a definitive conclusion on the usefulness of PUFAs in clinical practice.

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Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation increases calcium balance

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

New human milk fat substitutes from butterfat to improve fat absorption

New human milk fat substitutes from butterfat to improve fat absorption

PTH1 Receptor Is Involved in Mediating Cellular Response to Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone health

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