Eicosanoids mediate microaggregation and nodulation responses to bacterial infections in black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon, and true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta

Jurenka, Russell A.; Miller, Jon D.; Pedibhotla, Venkat K.; Rana, Rico L; Stanley-Samuelson, David W.

doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(96)00102-3

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The larvae of several Lepidoptera produced more nodules in response to similar challenges. Tobacco hornworms, M. sexta yielded approximately 120 nodules/individual by 6-h PI (Miller et al, 1994), and silkworms, B. mori, formed approximately 80 nodules/individual at 15-h PI (Stanley-Samuelson et al, 1997). In our work with another hemimetabolous species, Miller et al (1999) recorded approximately 45 nodules at 4-h PI in identical experiments with adult crickets, G. assimilis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…1.05 pmol/mg protein/h) as the major product. Rates of prostaglandin biosynthesis recorded from in vitro insect preparations are typically low, and the values recorded with honey bee preparations are similar to values recorded from larvae of the butterfly, Colias eurytheme (Stanley-Samuelson et al, 1997) and adults of cicadas, Magicicada septendecim (Tunaz et al, 1999). Hence, a basic assumption of this line of experimentation has been met.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Using similar experimental protocols, we have obtained comparable results with several insect species, including the tenebrionid beetle, Zophobas atratus (Miller et al, 1996), the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Stanley-Samuelson et al, 1997) the larvae of two other moths, black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon and true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Jurenka et al, 1997), adults of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis (Miller et al, 1999), the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Tunaz and Stanley, 1999) and the 17-year periodical cicadas, Magicicada septendecim and M. cassini (Tunaz et al, 1999). In related work, Mandato et al (1997) found that cell spreading and prophenoloxidase activation, two distinct phases of nodulation, as well as another cellular defense reaction, phagocytosis, also are mediated by eicosanoids in waxmoths, Galleria mellonella.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Eicosanoids act in nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in newly emerged adult honey bees, Apis mellifera, but not in older foragers

Bedick

Tunaz

Aliza

et al. 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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Nodulation is the first, and qualitatively predominant, cellular defense reaction to bacterial infections in insects. We tested the hypothesis that eicosanoids also mediate nodulation reactions to bacterial challenge in adults of a social insect, the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Treating newly-emerged experimental bees with the eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor, dexamethasone, impaired nodulation reactions to bacterial infections, and the influence of dexamethasone was reversed by treating infected insects with arachidonic acid, an eicosanoid precursor. Several other eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors, including the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, and the dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor, phenidone, also impaired the ability of experimental honeybees to form nodules in reaction to bacterial challenge. The influence of phenidone on nodulation was expressed in a dose-dependent manner. However, in experiments with older honey bees foragers, similar bacterial challenge did not evoke nodulation reactions. We infer from our results that while eicosanoids mediate cellular immune responses to bacterial infections in newly emerged honey bees, and more broadly, in most insect species, nodulation reactions to bacterial challenge probably do not occur in all phases of insect life cycles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Eicosanoids act in nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in newly emerged adult honey bees, Apis mellifera, but not in older foragers

Bedick

Tunaz

Aliza

et al. 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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“…In our second line of work, we found that these two cellular actions were sharply impaired in tobacco hornworms that had been treated with eicosanoidbiosynthesis inhibitors prior to experimental infections (Miller et al, 1994). Subsequent studies revealed that eicosanoids mediate microaggregation and nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in other insect species, including the larvae of the beetle Zophobas atratus (Miller et al, 1996), true army worms, Pseudaletia unipuncta, black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon (Jurenka et al, 1997), and silk moths, Bombyx mori (StanleySamuelson et al, 1997), all holometabolous insects. We also suggested that eicosanoids mediate cellular defense reactions to bacterial infections in adults of three hemimetabolous species, the cricket Gryllus assimilis and the periodical cicadas, Magicicada septendecim and Magicicada cassini .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Insect cellular reactions to the lipopolysaccharide component of the bacterium Serratia marcescens are mediated by eicosanoids

Bedick

Pardy

Howard³

et al. 2000

Journal of Insect Physiology

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Nodulation, which begins with the formation of cellular microaggregates, is the predominant cellular defense reaction to bacterial infections in insects. We suggested that these reactions to bacterial infections are mediated by eicosanoids. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of some bacterial cells stimulates defense reactions in mammals and insects. Here, we report on experiments designed to test the hypothesis that eicosanoids mediate microaggregation reactions to LPS. Injections of LPS (purified from the bacterium, Serratia marcescens) into larvae of the tenebrionid beetle, Zophobas atratus, stimulated microaggregation reactions in a dose-dependent manner. Treatments with eicosanoid-biosynthesis inhibitors immediately prior to LPS challenge sharply reduced the microaggregation responses. Separate treatments with specific inhibitors of phospholipase A 2 , cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase reduced microaggregation, supporting our view that microaggregate formation involves lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products. The inhibitory influence of dexamethasone was apparent within 30 min after injection, and microaggregation was significantly reduced, relative to control insects, over the following 90 min. The dexamethasone effects were reversed by treating LPS-injected insects with the eicosanoid precursor, arachidonic acid. These findings indicate that cellular defense reactions to a specific component of bacterial cells are mediated by eicosanoids, and open up new possibilities for dissecting detailed hemocytic actions in insect immune reactions to bacterial infections.

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“…However, the structure of the nodules in this study that were attached to the internal system and fat bodies were morphologically identified based on several characteristics of nodule-like structure that have been described in previous studies such as melanotic (Mandato et al, 1997), small and discrete (Jurenka et al, 1997), and melanized, darkened nodules, about 0.1 mm in typical diameter and attached to body walls and various organs (Tunaz et al, 1999). Hence, we were able to confirm that the nodule-like structures in this study were indeed nodules due to immune response as they matched the descriptions stated above.…”

Section: Observation Of Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 97%

The role of a novel Wo l b a c h i a (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) synthetic peptide, WolFar, in regulating prostaglandin levels in the hemolymph of Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

et al. 2018

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Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids are known as regulating agents for cellular immune responses to pathogen threats in an insect's hemolymph. A novel synthetic peptide, WolFar, was customized from a conserved region of the Wolbachia surface protein (WSP), isolated from an economically important endoparasitoid species, Fopius arisanus. WolFar consists of nine amino acids (SYY VRL QYN) and was tested on the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. Three concentrations of peptides, 0.83 mmol/L (100%), 0.63 mmol/L (75%), and 0.42 mmol/L (50%), were injected and observed for 72 h. The regulation of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) in the hemolymph of A. domesticus was determined using ELISA and by observation of nodules in the internal system of A. domesticus. The results showed that there were significant increases in PGE 2 in response to peptide injection at 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Furthermore, higher concentrations of peptide were directly proportional to the level of PGE 2 activity. These findings were supported by the abundance of nodules that formed in the internal system and fat body of A. domesticus, detectable at 72 h into the treatment. This indicates that WolFar is able to stimulate the immune system of insects and can be further developed as a potential biopesticide.

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Eicosanoids mediate microaggregation and nodulation responses to bacterial infections in black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon, and true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Eicosanoids act in nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in newly emerged adult honey bees, Apis mellifera, but not in older foragers

Eicosanoids act in nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in newly emerged adult honey bees, Apis mellifera, but not in older foragers

Insect cellular reactions to the lipopolysaccharide component of the bacterium Serratia marcescens are mediated by eicosanoids

The role of a novel Wo l b a c h i a (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) synthetic peptide, WolFar, in regulating prostaglandin levels in the hemolymph of Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

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