Eicosanoid synthesis by warm‐and cold‐acclimated American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) brain

Abstract

Previous studies in bullfrogs have demonstrated the presence of leukotriene (LT)C4 binding sites in the brain. However, synthesis of eicosanoids by brain tissue has not been examined. Because prostaglandin (PG) synthesis differs in warm- and cold-acclimated bullfrog lung tissue, this study compared the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in brains from warm-(22 degrees C) and cold-acclimated (5 degrees C) animals. Initial experiments determined that leukotriene and prostaglandin production rates were greatest during the initial 30 min time period. Therefore, tissues were incubated in Munsick's solution and gassed with 95% O2, 5% CO2 for 30 min. Media were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for LTC4, LTB4, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, TXB2, and 6-keto PGF1 alpha. In warm-acclimated bullfrog brains, production was as follows: LTC4 > PGE2 > 6-keto PGF1 alpha, thromboxane (TX)B2, LTB4, and PGF2 alpha. Brain tissues from cold-acclimated animals incubated at 22 degrees C produced significantly greater quantities of PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha than did brains from warm-acclimated animals. Stimulation of TXB2 levels was observed when the animal was stunned with a blow to the head prior to decapitation. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, decreased prostaglandin but not leukotriene synthesis. Epinephrine (4 x 10(-8) M), the amphibian sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter, stimulated leukotriene synthesis by brains from warm-acclimated bullfrogs, and the effect was blocked with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor MK-886 (5 x 10(-5) M). These results clearly indicate that the bullfrog brain synthesized both leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Further studies are necessary to determine their function in the amphibian central nervous system.

Indomethacin impairs LPS-induced behavioral fever in toads

“…In rats, injection of ketorolac, a water-soluble COX inhibitor, into the anteroventral POAH markedly attenuates the fever produced by LPS, indicating that PG synthesis in this area is necessary for the production of fever (24). As to amphibians, it is known that the brain tissue of frogs is able to produce PGE 2 , which is markedly reduced by incubation with indomethacin (15). Taken together, these data would point at the central nervous system as a target for the antipyretic effect of indomethacin in toads.…”