Eicosanoid Mediators of Mast Cells: Receptors, Regulation of Synthesis, and Pathobiologic Implications

Abstract

When activated by diverse stimuli, mast cells mobilize arachidonic acid through cytosolic phospholipase A2, and rapidly generate both prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4, the parent molecule of the cysteinyl LTs. While initially recognized for their bronchoconstricting and vasoactive properties, these two eicosanoids are now known to serve diverse and pivotal functions in effector cell trafficking, antigen presentation, immune cell activation, matrix deposition, and fibrosis. This chapter reviews the biological functions for each eicosanoid and their respective receptor classes, discusses the mechanisms by which the generation of eicosanoids by mast cells is regulated, and considers the potential pathobiologic and therapeutic ramifications in host defense, inflammation, and allergic diseases.

Structure of Protein Having Inhibitory Disintegrin and Leukotriene Scavenging Functions Contained in Single Domain

“…LTC 4 is the product secreted by mast cells and contains a glutathione moiety conjugated with the eicosanoid fatty acid chain through a thioether linkage. LTC 4 is metabolized extracellularly to LTD 4 and LTE 4 by successive cleavages of the peptide substituent to produce cysteinylglycine (LTD 4 ) and cysteine (LTE 4 ) moieties (35). All three products are active in stimulating inflammatory responses in the skin (14).…”

Multifunctionality and mechanism of ligand binding in a mosquito antiinflammatory protein

“…Additionally, norepinephrine and serotonin stimulate adrenergic and serotonin receptors in the vasculature, resulting in constriction of blood vessels and limitation of the flow of blood to the mouthparts. In a parallel fashion, bioactive lipids, most notably the cysLTs, are released by mast cells and induce swelling, erythema, pain, and itching that begin almost immediately (22,23). In some tissues, these compounds also induce vasoconstriction (22).…”

Neuronal Control of Skin Function: The Skin as a Neuroimmunoendocrine Organ

“…1). The roles of NO (457,833), purinergic receptors (127,133,342,733,748), prostaglandin (102,163,400,879) and leukotriene receptors (102,701,971), and voltage-gated ion channels (302,318,531,553,900) in the interaction with the skin nerval system have been extensively reviewed.…”