Eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors increase the susceptibility of Lymantria dispar to nucleopolyhedrovirus LdMNPV

Stanley, David; Shapiro, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.002

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…We infer from the outcomes of experiments with G. mellonella and with Pimpla turionellae that eicosanoids are involved in nodulation reactions to viral infections [51,52] . We also reported that treating larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, with various inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis significantly increased the susceptibility of the larvae to mortality due to a baculovirus infection [53] .…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Eicosanoid Actions in Insect Immunity

2009

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Insects express 3 lines of protection from infections and invasions. Their cuticles and peritrophic membranes are physical barriers. Infections and invasions are quickly recognized within insect bodies, and recognition launches 2 lines of innate immune reactions. Humoral reactions involve induced synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, the bacteriolytic enzyme lysozyme and activation of the prophenoloxidase system. Cellular immune reactions include phagocytosis, nodulation and encapsulation. These reactions entail direct interactions between circulating hemocytes and the invaders. Cellular immune reactions begin immediately after an invasion is detected while antimicrobial peptides typically appear in the hemolymph some hours after infection. Microaggregation is a step in the nodulation process, which is responsible for clearing the bulk of bacterial infections from circulation. Coordinated cellular actions lead to encapsulation of invaders, such as parasitoid eggs, that are very much larger than individual hemocytes. In this paper, we review the roles of eicosanoids as central mediators of insect immune reactions, particularly cellular reactions. We briefly describe insect immune functions, outline eicosanoid biosynthesis and treat eicosanoid actions in cellular immunity of insects. Eicosanoids act in several cellular defense functions, including phagocytosis, microaggregation, nodulation, encapsulation, cell spreading and hemocyte migration toward a source of a bacterial peptide. We also describe our most recent work on the influence of one group of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, on gene expression in an established insect cell line.

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Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Eicosanoid Actions in Insect Immunity

2009

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“…One, experiments with a broad sampling of insect taxa and developmental stages support the idea that eicosanoids mediate hemocytic immune reactions in all insect species that express cellular immunity (some do not, such as foraging honeybees; Schmidt et al 2008). Two, experiments with various species of bacteria, fungi, parasitoids, protozoans, and viruses indicate that eicosanoids act in immune protection against a phylogenetically wide range of challengers (Stanley 2006;Stanley and Miller 2006;Durmus et al 2007, Stanley andShapiro 2007). The outcomes of experiments by several research groups indicate that eicosanoids are crucial mediators of phagocytosis, microaggregation, cell spreading, and nodulation reactions (Stanley and Miller 2006).…”

Section: Insect Cells As Models For Study Of Signal Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Insect cell culture and applications to research and pest management

Smagghe

Goodman

Stanley

2009

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

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104

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Building on earlier research, insect cell culture began with the successful establishment of one cell line from pupal ovarian tissue. The field has grown to the extent that now over 500 insect cell lines have been established from many insect species representing numerous insect orders and from several different tissue sources. These cell lines are used as research tools in virology, in studies of signaling mechanisms to study insect immunity, hemocyte migration, and to test hypotheses about gene expression, and in screening programs designed to discover new insecticide chemistries. Virology research is revealing fundamentally new information on virus/host cell interactions. Studies in gene expression are uncovering signal transduction pathways that are new to insect science. Research is leading to the development of high-speed screening technologies that are essential in the search for new insect pest management tools. A few insect cell lines are, in routine industrial processes, designed to produce proteins of biomedical significance. Both primary cell cultures and established lines are used in basic biological studies to reveal how insect cells work. This review is designed to briefly cover the history of insect cell culture, recount some recent advances in the field, and offer a vision of the future of insect cell culture.

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“…Eicosanoids influence ion transport processes in several species of mussels, in the locust rectum, in mosquito Malpighian tubules and tick salivary glands (Stanley, 2000). Eicosanoids also influence several aspects of insect immunity, including cellular defense reactions to bacterial, fungal, parasitoid and viral infections (Stanley and Miller, 2006;Bu¨yu¨kgu¨zel et al, 2007;Durmas -et al, 2007;Stanley and Shapiro, 2007). These reactions are the cellular innate defense reactions of insects, including microaggregation, nodulation and cell spreading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandins A1 and E1 influence gene expression in an established insect cell line (BCIRL-HzAM1 cells)

Stanley

Goodman

et al. 2008

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Prostaglandins (PGs) and other eicosanoids exert important physiological actions in insects and other invertebrates, including influencing ion transport and mediating cellular immune defense functions. Although these actions are very well documented, we have no information on the mechanisms of PGs actions in insect cells. Here we report on the outcomes of experiments designed to test our hypothesis that PGs modulate gene expression in an insect cell line established from pupal ovarian tissue of the moth Helicoverpa zea (BCIRL-HzAM1 cells). We treated cells with either PGA 1 or PGE 1 for 12 or 24 h then analyzed cell lysates by 2-D electrophoresis. Analysis of the gels by densitometry revealed substantial changes in protein expression in some of the protein spots we analyzed. These spots were processed for mass spectrometric analysis by MALDI TOF/TOF, which yielded in silico protein identities for all 34 spots. The apparent changes in three of the proteins were confirmed by semi-quantative PCR, showing that the changes in mRNA expression were reflected in changes in protein expression. The 34 proteins were sorted into six categories, protein actions, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, protection, cell functions and metabolism. The findings support the hypothesis that one mechanism of PG action in insect cells is the modulation of gene expression. r

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Eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors increase the susceptibility of Lymantria dispar to nucleopolyhedrovirus LdMNPV

Cited by 30 publications

References 57 publications

Eicosanoid Actions in Insect Immunity

Eicosanoid Actions in Insect Immunity

Insect cell culture and applications to research and pest management

Prostaglandins A1 and E1 influence gene expression in an established insect cell line (BCIRL-HzAM1 cells)

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