EHV Series Capacitor Banks. A New Approach to Platform to Ground Signalling, Relay Protection and Supervision

Adolfsson, Markus; Einvall, C.-H.; Lindberg, Pia; Samuelsson, J.; Ahigren, L.; Edlund, H.

doi:10.1109/mper.1989.4310639

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The temperature compensation could be made by measuring the temperature in the polymer with a passive fiber optic temperature sensor, based on a A/4 plate21. 6. RESULTS, ORIENTATIONAL STABIliTY The power utilities expect high voltage instrument transformers to last for 30 years, it is therefore important that the EOP material is long4erm stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Development of electro-optic polymers for high-voltage instrument transformers</title>

1994

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This paper describes some poled electrooptic bulk polymers (EOP) of the guest/host type having a cured epoxy resin as the host. The electrooptic polymers oftypical dimensions 13x13x3 mm are characterized with respect to application as Pockels materials in an optical high voltage sensor. The electrooptic coefficients obtained here are of the same order of magnitude as those which are required for high voltage applications. An optical sensor based on disperse red 1 dye and an epoxy polymer is developed. It is able to measure voltages up to 10 kV AC. It is shown that bulk EOP can be produced with relatively large physical dimensions comparable to commercially available Pockels crystals. A technique is described which compensates for the inevitable intrinsic birefringence built into most bulk polymers. The epoxy based EOP shows high orientational stability, even when compared with a polysulfone based EOP having a higher glass transition temperature.Keywords: Electrooptic polymer, nonlinear optical dye, epoxy, fiber optic sensor, high voltage, Disperse Red 1. INTRODUCTIONOver the last decade, electrooptic polymers have been the object of extensive research,1'2'3. Most effort has been focused on obtaining very high electrooptic coefficients, modest optical absorptions and acceptable long-term stability of the electrooptic polymer. The electrooptic polymers have not yet found any widespread commercial use, because present materials do not meet the demands set by waveguide modulator applications. Materials having acceptable longterm stability, do in general have too low a magnitude of the electrooptic coefficient. This paper presents a high voltage sensor using an electrooptic polymer, where the demands with regard to electrooptic coefficient and maximum operational temperature are less critical as compared to waveguide applications in microelectronics. The electric power utilities are persistently working on reducing costs, thus running a very complex electric power system in a minimum cost state. For this purpose, the power utilities want to be able to measure the voltage and current at a large number of sites. Optical sensors would be well suited for electric power systems because they provide alvanic insulation to the high voltage potential, and they are insensitive to electro magnetic induced noise4S0. Section three in this paper describes the optical measurement principle of the prepared experimental high voltage sensor. Section four to six describe the preparation process and material properties of the EOP materials. The concept of making an optical high voltage sensor based on the EOP material was shown in l990. The EOP serves two purposes in the optical sensor. 1) It provides the electrical insulation between a high voltage electrode and ground potential, 2) The voltage is measured optically using the electrooptic effect of the polymer, with the full high voltage applied over the polymer material. For comparison, electrooptic crystals do not easily insulate for more than a few kV, thus a special voltag...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Development of electro-optic polymers for high-voltage instrument transformers</title>

1994

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“…The technique was first demonstrated by DeLoach et al [9] My group at JPL demonstrated tens of mW power delivery by fiber optics as long ago as 1989 [10]. At about the same time, Adolfsson et al demonstrated that high quality current measurements can be made with just a few μ W [11]. Since then, the capability of the electro-optics has improved and the power demand of electronic systems has decreased, allowing much increased functional capability at very modest cost.…”

Section: Appendix a Optical Power Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current measurement methods for the smart grid

Kirkham

2009

2009 IEEE Power &Amp; Energy Society General Meeting

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Fundamentally, the measurement of current in a power system means the obtaining of a representation of that current at a distant location. The application determines the requirements on the measurement. Will an rms value suitable for a once-per-second SCADA scan be adequate, or does the "representation" have to be an accurate copy up to (say) 100 kHz. If so, how accurate does the measurement have to be?The Smart Grid of the future will doubtless bring additional requirements to the subject of current measurement. For example, since the IEEE standard on interconnecting distributed resources (IEEE Std 1547) requires that no more than 0.5% of the rated current be injected as dc, it seems likely that at least some current measurement systems will require a frequency response extending down to dc. This paper examines the requirements on the measurement imposed by some of the future smart grid functions, and discusses possible solutions.

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“…The use of optical power for electronics was about a decade old (DeLoach, Miller and Kaufman, 1978;Dehach and Gordon, 1981;Schweizer, Neveux and Ostrowsky , 1987) before a commercially successful application of the technology was found (Adolfsson et al, 1989) in measuring current in the high voltage part of a power system. In this application, optical powering allows the instrumentation designer to create a sensor that has the advantages of conventional electronics, while having the external attributes of being optical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communications and control for electric power systems: Final report

Kirkham¹

1998

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EHV Series Capacitor Banks. A New Approach to Platform to Ground Signalling, Relay Protection and Supervision

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

<title>Development of electro-optic polymers for high-voltage instrument transformers</title>

<title>Development of electro-optic polymers for high-voltage instrument transformers</title>

Current measurement methods for the smart grid

Communications and control for electric power systems: Final report

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