Ehrlichiosis

Aguiar, Daniel Moura de

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47426-7_17

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These bacteria are the agents of ehrlichiosis, a complex of life-threatening emerging zoonoses and diseases of veterinary importance worldwide ( Esemu et al., 2011 ). Ehrlichia species differ in their target cells both in mammals (monocytes, neutrophils or endothelial cells) and ticks (salivary glands, intestinal epithelium, and hemolymph) ( Brouqui & Matsumoto, 2007 ; Aguiar, 2017 ). In contrast to Rickettsia spp., there is no evidence of transovarial transmission in Ehrlichia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…larva-nymph-adult) ( Ismail & McBride, 2017 ). Human and animal ehrlichiosis are caused worldwide by six Ehrlichia species, namely Ehrlichia canis , Ehrlichia chaffeensis , Ehrlichia muris , Ehrlichia ewingii , Ehrlichia ruminantium , and Ehrlichia minasensis (see Aguiar, 2017 ). In the Southern Cone of South America, E. canis , the etiological agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, is the most commonly reported species of this genus ( López et al., 2012 ; Lasta et al., 2013 ; Cicuttin et al., 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…strains pending further molecular characterization were detected in wild carnivores ( Widmer et al., 2011 ; Almeida et al., 2013 ) and a horse ( Vieira et al., 2016 ). Cattle and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks maintain E. minasensis infections in Brazil ( Cabezas-Cruz et al., 2016 ; Aguiar, 2017 ) and recently, Ehrlichia sp. was detected in Amblyomma sculptum in the Brazilian Pantanal ( Muraro et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of novel Ehrlichia genotypes in Ixodes auritulus from Uruguay

Félix

Muñoz-Léal

Carvalho

et al. 2021

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of novel Ehrlichia genotypes in Ixodes auritulus from Uruguay

Félix

Muñoz-Léal

Carvalho

et al. 2021

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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“…Histopathological examination is also useful, as E. ruminantium morulae are found in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells, whereas E. minasensis morulae are found mostly in the cytoplasm of MNCs of peripheral blood. The clinical signs caused by E. minasensis in bovines appear more similar to those of canine ehrlichiosis caused by E. canis in dogs [9,31], in which a chronic development of the disease with an asymptomatic phase is typical [32]. Experimental infection with E. minasensis was also reported in splenectomized calves, using the BC strain in Canada; however no clinical manifestations were observed, probably due to the use of a nonpathogenic E. minasensis strain [5,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Pathogenic Strain of Ehrlichia minasensis

et al. 2019

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The genus Ehrlichia is composed of tick-borne obligate intracellular gram-negative alphaproteobacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae. Ehrlichia includes important pathogens affecting canids (E. canis, E. chaffeensis, and E. ewingii), rodents (E. muris), and ruminants (E. ruminantium). Ehrlichia minasensis, an Ehrlichia closely related to E. canis, was initially reported in Canada and Brazil. This bacterium has now been reported in Pakistan, Malaysia, China, Ethiopia, South Africa, and the Mediterranean island of Corsica, suggesting that E. minasensis has a wide geographical distribution. Previously, E. minasensis was found to cause clinical ehrlichiosis in an experimentally infected calf. The type strain E. minasensis UFMG-EV was successfully isolated from Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and propagated in the tick embryonic cell line of Ixodes scapularis (IDE8). However, the isolation and propagation of E. minasensis strains from cattle has remained elusive. In this study, the E. minasensis strain Cuiabá was isolated from an eight-month-old male calf of Holstein breed that was naturally infected with the bacterium. The calf presented clinical signs and hematological parameters of bovine ehrlichiosis. The in vitro culture of the agent was established in the canine cell line DH82. Ehrlichial morulae were observed using light and electron microscopy within DH82 cells. Total DNA was extracted, and the full genome of the E. minasensis strain Cuiabá was sequenced. A core-genome-based phylogenetic tree of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. confirmed that E. minasensis is a sister taxa of E. canis. A comparison of functional categories among Ehrlichia showed that E. minasensis has significantly less genes in the ‘clustering-based subsystems’ category, which includes functionally coupled genes for which the functional attributes are not well understood. Results strongly suggest that E. minasensis is a novel pathogen infecting cattle. The epidemiology of this Ehrlichia deserves further attention because these bacteria could be an overlooked cause of tick-borne bovine ehrlichiosis, with a wide distribution.

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“…are small, gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the family Anaplasmataceae that are transmitted through the saliva of an infested tick, feeding on a host. They infect endothelial cells and leucocytes, specifically granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages of the mammalian hosts [ 9 ]. Ehrlichia chaffeensis and E. ewingii can affect humans [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne pathogens in neotropical animals in Trinidad, West Indies

et al. 2022

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Background Ticks are important vectors of many pathogens that have contributed to the morbidity and mortality of humans and domestic animals worldwide. Wildlife species have also been implicated as reservoir hosts of a variety of tick-borne pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine which tick-transmitted pathogens were present in the animals harvested from the forest in Trinidad for human consumption. Methods Thin blood smears from 43 neotropical animals were examined microscopically for tick-borne pathogens. Additionally, DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene were used for amplification of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia while the gltA gene was used for Bartonella, and Rickettsia spp. and the 18S rRNA gene for Babesia, Hepatozoon and Theileria species. Results Pathogen DNA was amplified from four samples (a deer, collared peccary and two agoutis). Sequencing of the amplified products from the deer and collared peccary revealed 99.8% homology to Anaplasma bovis and 98.8% homology to Ehrlichia canis, respectively. Sequences from two agoutis revealed 90.4% homology to Theileria spp. DNA of Hepatozoon spp., Bartonella spp. Babesia spp. and Rickettsia spp. was not detected in any of the screened samples. An incidental finding in this study was the presence of bacteria in the blood of animals. Conclusions The results indicate that the DNA of tick-transmitted pathogens is present at a frequency of about 10% in the study population and suggests that neotropical mammals may serve as a source for the potential transmission of tick-borne pathogens to domestic animals and humans. In addition, physicians and hunters should be aware of the symptoms associated with zoonotic tick-borne pathogens so that these infections can be recognised, diagnosed and treated promptly. Bacteria present in carcasses can pose a food safety hazard and hunters should be trained in proper harvesting and handling of carcasses. Graphical Abstract

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Ehrlichiosis

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular characterization of novel Ehrlichia genotypes in Ixodes auritulus from Uruguay

Molecular characterization of novel Ehrlichia genotypes in Ixodes auritulus from Uruguay

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Pathogenic Strain of Ehrlichia minasensis

Tick-borne pathogens in neotropical animals in Trinidad, West Indies

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