Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes, Joint Hypermobility and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders

General joint hypermobility in temporomandibular joint disease; clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and surgical aspects

“…A subgroup analyses on the age group 18–29 ( n = 30; women, n = 26; patients with synovial tissue sample, n = 28) was performed. This was due to reports on decreasing Beighton score due to increasing age, which might result in an under-registration of GJH in elderly patients, and thereby skew the analyses [ [6] , [7] , [8] ]. The multivariate regression analyses did not reveal any differences between NJM and GJH patients concerning any of the 28 investigated ECM proteins in the age group 18–28 either ( Supplementary Table SII ).…”

“…In the general adult European population between 5 and 15% have been described with GJH [ [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] ]. Younger age and female gender have also been identified with higher frequencies of GJH, as high as 3.5:1 in female/male ratio [ [6] , [7] , [8] ].…”

“…A maximum score of 9 is the result of positive signs of hypermobility regarding all tested joints, and the score 0 indicates no hypermobile joints [ 19 ]. The Beighton score is still in use and has gained general acceptance, alone or adopted in the earlier mentioned Brighton criteria [ 1 , 2 , 8 ]. Hypermobility of the TMJ is difficult to measure in a reliable way and uniformly accepted measures are still lacking,even when using radiology and measuring condylar translation [ 20 , 21 ].…”