eHealth: A Survey of Architectures, Developments in mHealth, Security Concerns and Solutions

Abstract

The ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed in part to a recent upsurge in the study and development of eHealth systems. Although it is almost impossible to cover all aspects of eHealth in a single discussion, three critical areas have gained traction. These include the need for acceptable eHealth architectures, the development of mobile health (mHealth) technologies, and the need to address eHealth system security concerns. Existing survey articles lack a synthesis of the most recent advancements in the development of architectures, mHealth solutions, and innovative security measures, which are essential components of effective eHealth systems. Consequently, the present article aims at providing an encompassing survey of these three aspects towards the development of successful and efficient eHealth systems. Firstly, we discuss the most recent innovations in eHealth architectures, such as blockchain-, Internet of Things (IoT)-, and cloud-based architectures, focusing on their respective benefits and drawbacks while also providing an overview of how they might be implemented and used. Concerning mHealth and security, we focus on key developments in both areas while discussing other critical topics of importance for eHealth systems. We close with a discussion of the important research challenges and potential future directions as they pertain to architecture, mHealth, and security concerns. This survey gives a comprehensive overview, including the merits and limitations of several possible technologies for the development of eHealth systems. This endeavor offers researchers and developers with a quick snapshot of the information necessary during the design and decision-making phases of the eHealth system development life cycle. Furthermore, we conclude that building a unified architecture for eHealth systems would require combining several existing designs. It also points out that there are still a number of problems to be solved, so more research and investment are needed to develop and deploy functional eHealth systems.

Latest developments, obstacles, and upcoming patterns in the realm of eHealth informatics: Review

“…While eHealth informatics offers significant benefits, it also brings its own set of challenges, such as data security concerns, interoperability issues, and the need for proper training and integration within healthcare systems [15] .…”

5G Technology in the Digital Transformation of Healthcare, a Systematic Review

“…These allowed a better quality when applying the use of federated learning in order to improve medical care [98]. Another systematic review [99] on mHealth applications used for identification and treatment of medical care used in eHealth used Scopus, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Springer Link, PubMed, and Scopus databases [99]. A total of 250 articles relevant to the systematization of the literature were identified and it was concluded that there can be no single method to ensure the safety of all eHealth systems [99].…”

Data security in mobile healthcare

“…The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in the research and development of e-health systems. Although there are many aspects, three areas can be singled out as key areas: the architecture of e-health, the development of mobile healthcare technologies, and the field of security of e-health systems (Alenoghena et al, 2022). E-health includes health informatics, electronic health record, electronic entry of medical orders, electronic prescriptions, telemedicine, and mobile healthcare.…”