eHALOPH a Database of Salt-Tolerant Plants: Helping put Halophytes to Work

Santos, Joaquim; Al‐Azzawi, Mohammed J.; Aronson, James; Flowers, T. J.

doi:10.1093/pcp/pcv155

Cited by 153 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…From a functional perspective, there are two types of salt glands, those that directly secrete salts to the surface of the leaf (exo-recretohalophytes), and those that collect salt in the vacuole of a specialized bladder cell (endo-recretohalophytes) (Breckle, 1990; Ding et al, 2010b). Although few species of plants have salt glands, they are distributed among four major divisions of flowering plants: Caryophyllales, asterids, rosids, and Poaceae (Santos et al, 2016). This broad phylogenetic distribution suggests that salt glands have originated independently multiple times as previously proposed for halophyte origins (Flowers et al, 2010).…”

Section: Salt Glands Are Structurally Diversementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant proportion of halophytes have evolved specialized epidermal structures called salt glands to store and exclude salt (Flowers and Colmer, 2015; Santos et al, 2016). The epidermis is the surface through which a plant interacts with its environment, and thus the epidermis has a wide variety of functional specializations at the cellular level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Dassanayake

Larkin

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Salt stress is a complex trait that poses a grand challenge in developing new crops better adapted to saline environments. Some plants, called recretohalophytes, that have naturally evolved to secrete excess salts through salt glands, offer an underexplored genetic resource for examining how plant development, anatomy, and physiology integrate to prevent excess salt from building up to toxic levels in plant tissue. In this review we examine the structure and evolution of salt glands, salt gland-specific gene expression, and the possibility that all salt glands have originated via evolutionary modifications of trichomes. Salt secretion via salt glands is found in more than 50 species in 14 angiosperm families distributed in caryophyllales, asterids, rosids, and grasses. The salt glands of these distantly related clades can be grouped into four structural classes. Although salt glands appear to have originated independently at least 12 times, they share convergently evolved features that facilitate salt compartmentalization and excretion. We review the structural diversity and evolution of salt glands, major transporters and proteins associated with salt transport and secretion in halophytes, salt gland relevant gene expression regulation, and the prospect for using new genomic and transcriptomic tools in combination with information from model organisms to better understand how salt glands contribute to salt tolerance. Finally, we consider the prospects for using this knowledge to engineer salt glands to increase salt tolerance in model species, and ultimately in crops.

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Section: Salt Glands Are Structurally Diversementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Dassanayake

Larkin

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The e‐HALOPH database (Santos, Al‐Azzawi, Aronson, & Flowers, ) considers a halophyte as “a plant that completes its life cycle in a salty environment of at least 80 mM NaCl.” Flowers and Colmer () define halophytes as those plants with the ability “to complete their life cycle in a salt concentration of at least 200 mm NaCl under conditions similar to those that might be encountered in the natural environment.” The present work follows the criteria established by Flowers and Colmer (), who define a halophyte as a species with the ability “to complete its life cycle in a salt environment,” since saline environments in the world, especially in Argentina, are not homogeneous in terms of the quantity and quality of ions in the soil solution.…”

Section: Choice Of Potentially Useful Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild halophytic species as forage sources: Key aspects for plant breeding

Marinoni

Zabala

Taleisnik

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

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The use of wild halophytic species as forage resources in saline environments has gained increasing attention. Argentina ranks third in area of saline soils in the world, with a third of its territory showing various degrees of salinity, sodicity and/or alkalinity. On this type of soils, rangelands are the main forage resource for livestock production. Many wild species have forage potential and can also be used for the rehabilitation of rangelands and for intercropping. Information about these species, as well as on the physiological and genetic bases associated with salinity tolerance, provides relevant tools for efficient selection methods. This study addresses Argentine wild halophyte species with forage potential and describes selection criteria with an emphasis on the following taxa: (a) Poaceae: subfamily Chloridoideae and tribes Paniceae and Triticeae, (b) Fabaceae and (c) Amaranthaceae (formerly known as Chenopodiaceae). The review is intended to contribute to the general discussion on strategies for the improvement of wild plant genetic resources, using forage species naturally growing in saline soils in Argentina as a case study.

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“…Compared with the well-known solanaceous crops such as tomato, tobacco, potato, pepper and eggplant, the species from the genus Lycium display excellent salt tolerance (Zhao et al 2002, Santos et al 2015. At least four Lycium species (L. ruthenicum, L. barbarum, L. chinenese and L. ferocissimumf ) have been reported to synthesize GB (Rhodes and Hanson 1993, Potterat 2010, Liu et al 2012, Geng et al 2015, an important compatible solute which is not synthesized in solanaceous crops (Rhodes and Hanson 1993).…”

Section: Sequence Comparison Of Amadhs Reveals High Badh Activity In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a salt stress‐responsive betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in Lycium ruthenicum Murr

Liu

Song

Zeng

et al. 2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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As compatible solute, glycine betaine (GB) plays a significant role in salinity tolerance in GB accumulating plants. Solanaceous crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) are salt sensitive and naturally GB non-accumulators. In Solanaceae, only the Lycium genus has been recorded as halophytes in China, and several Lycium species have been reported as GB accumulators. The last biosynthetic step of GB is catalyzed by aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (AMADH) with betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activities. Failure of GB synthesis in tomato and tobacco was attributed to lack of BADH activity. Here, by comparing the BADH functional residues of AMADHs between the Lycium genus and solanaceous crops, we predict that all studied AMADH1s have low BADH activities while only LbAMADH2 from L. barbarum has high BADH activity. For two AMADHs in L. ruthenicum, results from substrate enzyme assays confirmed low BADH activity of LrAMADH1 and no BADH activity of LrAMADH2. Despite the very low GB contents in L. ruthenicum seedlings (< 0.5 μmol g fresh weight), GB contents in fruits are up to 150 μmol g FW, inferring fruits of L. ruthenicum as good GB sources. In NaCl treated seedlings, accompanied by elevated GB accumulation, expression of LrAMADH1 was up-regulated, indicating response of LrAMADH1 to salt stress in L. ruthenicum. Virus-induced silence of LrAMADH1 leads to less GB accumulation than control, revealing that LrAMADH1 participates in GB synthesis in planta. Collectively, our results show that LrAMADH1 is the bona fide BADH, which responds to salt stress in L. ruthenicum.

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eHALOPH a Database of Salt-Tolerant Plants: Helping put Halophytes to Work

Cited by 153 publications

References 30 publications

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Wild halophytic species as forage sources: Key aspects for plant breeding

Isolation and characterization of a salt stress‐responsive betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in Lycium ruthenicum Murr

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