Egyptian propolis extract for functionalization of cellulose nanofiber/poly(vinyl alcohol) porous hydrogel along with characterization and biological applications

Abstract

Bee propolis is one of the most common natural extracts and has gained significant interest in biomedicine due to its high content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, which are responsible for the antioxidant activity of natural products. The present study report that the propolis extract (PE) was produced by ethanol in the surrounding environment. The obtained PE was added at different concentrations to cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and subjected to freezing thawing and freeze drying methods to develop porous bioactive matrices. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations displayed that the prepared samples had an interconnected porous structure with pore sizes in the range of 10–100 μm. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results of PE showed around 18 polyphenol compounds, with the highest amounts of hesperetin (183.7 µg/mL), chlorogenic acid (96.9 µg/mL) and caffeic acid (90.2 µg/mL). The antibacterial activity results indicated that both PE and PE-functionalized hydrogels exhibited a potential antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. The in vitro test cell culture experiments indicated that the cells on the PE-functionalized hydrogels had the greatest viability, adhesion, and spreading of cells. Altogether, these data highlight the interesting effect of propolis bio-functionalization to enhance the biological features of CNF/PVA hydrogel as a functional matrix for biomedical applications.

Co‐axial electrospinning of liposomal propolis loaded gelatin‐zein fibers as a potential wound healing material

“…The components of propolis, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their esters, could alleviate cell damage in fibroblast cells by suppressing intercellular reactive oxygen species production, and propolis was also reported to stimulate epithelial regeneration and modulate extracellular matrix deposition 7 . Similarly, the results of the cytotoxicity tests performed on human normal fibroblast cells (HFB4) for PE loaded‐fiber embedded in PVA porous hydrogel suggested enhanced cell growth due to PE inclusion 100 . The niosomal‐loaded silk fibroin fibers increased the proliferation of L929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of propolis 46 …”

“…When evaluated together with the MTT test results (Figure 11), liposomal fiber may provide an efficient platform for the growth of the fibroblast cells. The seeded cells have a rounded shape, which may be caused by dehydration during the fixation process 100 . Moreover, the cells were seen contacting neighboring ones, spreading, and lining‐up satisfactorily on the surfaces of the fiber (Figure 12).…”

“…The seeded cells have a rounded shape, which may be caused by dehydration during the fixation process. 100 Moreover, the cells were seen contacting neighboring ones, spreading, and lining-up satisfactorily on the surfaces of the fiber (Figure 12). These data are in agreement with the studies of de Figueiredo et al 40 who found that propolis and polymer-based fibers and films promote the migration of fibroblast cells.…”

“…7 Similarly, the results of the cytotoxicity tests performed on human normal fibroblast cells (HFB4) for PE loaded-fiber embedded in PVA porous hydrogel suggested enhanced cell growth due to PE inclusion. 100 The niosomal-loaded silk fibroin fibers increased the proliferation of L929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of propolis. 46…”

New insights of propolis nanoformulation and its therapeutic potential in human diseases

“…In other report, in the treatment of burns, propolis nanofibers had a beneficial effect on the regeneration of burn wounds at high levels of Fe 3+ in lower transferrin signals after 10 and 21 days of therapy, and Cu 2+ signals in ceruloplasmin and free radicals decreased after 10 days and increased after 21 days of therapy [ 95 ]. Lastly, Egyptian propolis hydrogel CNF/PVA aids in wound healing by increasing cell viability, adhesion, and spreading [ 124 ].…”