Egyptian Cretaceous clay deposits: Insights on Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Industrial uses

Farouk, Sherif; El-Desoky, Hatem M.; Heikal, Mohamed Ahmed; El-Mahallawy, Medhat; Wahid, A.S.

doi:10.1007/s12517-020-05557-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The high SiO2 content in the chemical composition of the clays confirmed the high percentage of quartz revealed by XRD analysis [54,55]. The presence of alumina (Al2O3) is related to the presence of aluminosilicates and kaolinite, while that of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and potassium (K2O) indicates the presence of hematite and illite [51,54,56]. Clays with Fe2O3 contents below 8% are reported as acceptable clays for the production of building materials [51].…”

Section: Physical Mineralogical and Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Impact of Vegetable Fibres on the Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of Cob Materials

Kabore,

Ouellet-Plamondon

2024

Materials

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This study examined the shrinkage rate and mechanical properties of cob samples. Cob is a natural building material composed of clay, water, and varying amounts of plant fibres. The red and beige cob materials in this study containing 3% and 6% wheat fibres were manufactured by hand with clay, bulk fibres (short and long fibres), and a 25% water ratio (water/clay) in order to make their manufacture and use on construction sites feasible and simple. The reference samples were mixed with clay, 25% water, and 0% wheat fibre. The mechanical properties were assessed through compression and flexural tests after 28 and 120 days. The results showed that the fibre addition decreased the bulk density of the composites from 1902 kg/m3 to 1264 kg/m3. The compressive strength increased from 1.8 MPa to 4.57 MPa for the red clay samples and from 1.65 MPa to 4.61 MPa for the beige clay samples at 28 days. The compressive strength of each mixture decreased slightly with age for the red and beige clay samples, respectively. Conversely, the flexural strength increased with age for the samples reinforced with 3% and 6% fibres. The results also showed that the cob samples can deform without breaking. Increasing the fibre content in the mix resulted in a significant reduction in the shrinkage rate and an increase in the mass loss rate during thermogravimetric analysis. This analysis showed a total mass loss of approximately 5.64%, 6.12%, and 44.87% for the red clay, beige clay, and fibres, respectively. An average volume shrinkage of 1% was observed for the samples with 6% fibre content. The cob discussed in this article can be used as a filling material. In large quantities, it can be made by hand, with feet protected by boots, or with the use of a mixer. The environmental benefits are considerable, as the raw materials are renewable, and the manufacturing process is less energy-intensive.

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Section: Physical Mineralogical and Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Impact of Vegetable Fibres on the Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of Cob Materials

Kabore,

Ouellet-Plamondon

2024

Materials

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“…They assigned that these raw materials are more appropriate for manufacturing the clay pipes because their clay materials are mainly kaolinite that needs the lowest water content during formation and this means low thermal energy in the drying process. Farouk et al (2020) deliberate the rock units which contain high amounts of kaolinitic materials represented by the Malha, Naqb El-Sillim, and Abu Aggag formations of the Cretaceous age in the application for sewage clay pipes. They reported that the technological properties of the processed samples showed positive results for Responsible Editor: Zeynal Abiddin Erguler all requirements with the Naqb El-Sillim Formation; meanwhile, the Malha and Abu Aggag formations showed some negative results in water absorption and chemical resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal treatment of Kalabsha kaolin deposits, south of the Western Desert, Egypt: contribution to geopolymer production as green building materials

et al. 2022

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Kaolin samples were collected to study the mineralogical, texture, chemical composition, thermal behavior, and treatment and also the possibility to convert kaolinite mineral into metakaolin and use it as a natural pozzolanic and/or as geopolymer materials. Kaolinite is the main constituent of clay mineral, which related to many of the chemical weathering of parent rocks and complete leaching of alkali elements under warm, humid to semi-arid climatic conditions. However, quartz, anatase, and iron oxide are considered non-clay minerals. Cement substituted by metakaolin under different ratios in the concrete industry was carried out to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete. The best results are detected at 10% and 15% of cement replacement by metakaolin. Geopolymer production using Metakaolin (MK) was mixed with NaOH and Na2O-3SiO2 to replace the Portland cement in the concrete industry and the obtained results are suitable and match with the green building material concept.

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Natural radiological risk assessment around archaeological sites, El-Dakhla Oasis (EDO), Egypt

Zakaly,

Elsaman,

Kamal

et al. 2024

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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The natural radionuclides in ancient El-Qasr village located in the El-Dakhla oasis (EDO), Egypt's Western Desert were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry equipped with a NaI (Tl) detector. The findings indicate that the samples' mean activity concentrations were 18.61 ± 1.02, 16.67 ± 0.9, and 137.67 ± 6.9 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively. The values of Raeq, D, AED, Hex, Hin, Iγ, and ELCR for the samples ranged anywhere from 34.1 to 83.9 Bq kg−1, 15.7 to 37 nGy h−1, 19.26 to 45.384 Sv y−1, 0.09 to 0.23, 0.12 to 0.23, 0.25 to 0.59, and 6.74E−05 to 1.59E−04, respectively. These values are significantly lower than the international limit of 370 Bq kg−1 for Raeq, 59 nGy h−1 for D, 70 Sv y−1 for AED, 1 for Hex and Hin, 2 for Iγ, and 29E−03 for ELCR. According to the obtained data, none of the samples seemed to be a significant risk when it came to radiation exposure. Using these data, we will determine the baseline level of radionuclides that occur naturally in the area that is the subject of the inquiry.

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Egyptian Cretaceous clay deposits: Insights on Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Industrial uses

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

The Impact of Vegetable Fibres on the Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of Cob Materials

The Impact of Vegetable Fibres on the Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of Cob Materials

Thermal treatment of Kalabsha kaolin deposits, south of the Western Desert, Egypt: contribution to geopolymer production as green building materials

Natural radiological risk assessment around archaeological sites, El-Dakhla Oasis (EDO), Egypt

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