Egress of<i>Plasmodium berghei</i>gametes from their host erythrocyte is mediated by the MDV-1/PEG3 protein

Ponzi, Marta; Sidén‐Kiamos, Inga; Bertuccini, Lucia; Currà, Chiara; Kroeze, Hans; Camarda, Grazia; Pace, Tomasino; Franke-Fayard, Blandine; Laurentino, Eliane C.; Louis, Christos; Waters, Andrew P.; Janse, Chris J.; Alano, Pietro

doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01331.x

Cited by 109 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Female osmiophilic bodies contain gametocyte‐specific proteins like Pg377 (Alano et al ., 1995; Severini et al ., 1999; Olivieri et al ., 2015), MDV‐1/Peg3 (Furuya et al ., 2005; Silvestrini et al ., 2005; Lanfrancotti et al ., 2007; Ponzi et al ., 2009) and GEST (gamete egress and sporozoite traversal; Talman et al ., 2011), which are discharged into the PV following gametocyte activation. Gametocytes lacking MDV‐1/Peg3 or GEST are impaired in egress and stuck within the PV (Ponzi et al ., 2009; Talman et al ., 2011). Pg377, on the other hand, appears to play a role in egress of P .…”

Section: The Formation Of Gametesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of malaria parasites in the mosquito midgut

Bennink

Kiesow

Pradel

2016

Cellular Microbiology

163

155

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SummaryThe mosquito midgut stages of malaria parasites are crucial for establishing an infection in the insect vector and to thus ensure further spread of the pathogen. Parasite development in the midgut starts with the activation of the intraerythrocytic gametocytes immediately after take‐up and ends with traversal of the midgut epithelium by the invasive ookinetes less than 24 h later. During this time period, the plasmodia undergo two processes of stage conversion, from gametocytes to gametes and from zygotes to ookinetes, both accompanied by dramatic morphological changes. Further, gamete formation requires parasite egress from the enveloping erythrocytes, rendering them vulnerable to the aggressive factors of the insect gut, like components of the human blood meal. The mosquito midgut stages of malaria parasites are unprecedented objects to study a variety of cell biological aspects, including signal perception, cell conversion, parasite/host co‐adaptation and immune evasion. This review highlights recent insights into the molecules involved in gametocyte activation and gamete formation as well as in zygote‐to‐ookinete conversion and ookinete midgut exit; it further discusses factors that can harm the extracellular midgut stages as well as the measures of the parasites to protect themselves from any damage.

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Section: The Formation Of Gametesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of malaria parasites in the mosquito midgut

Bennink

Kiesow

Pradel

2016

Cellular Microbiology

163

155

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“…We used the rodent malaria parasite P. berghei, line 820cl1m1cl1 (42). Infections were initiated in male MF1 mice (8-10 wk old), which had been pretreated with phenylhydrazine at 120 mg/kg (2 d before infection) to enhance the production of gametocytes (43).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed holographic microscopy of malaria parasites reveals ambidextrous flagellar waveforms

Wilson¹,

Carter

Reece

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Axonemes form the core of eukaryotic flagella and cilia, performing tasks ranging from transporting fluid in developing embryos to the propulsion of sperm. Despite their abundance across the eukaryotic domain, the mechanisms that regulate the beating action of axonemes remain unknown. The flagellar waveforms are 3D in general, but current understanding of how axoneme components interact stems from 2D data; comprehensive measurements of flagellar shape are beyond conventional microscopy. Moreover, current flagellar model systems (e.g., sea urchin, human sperm) contain accessory structures that impose mechanical constraints on movement, obscuring the "native" axoneme behavior. We address both problems by developing a high-speed holographic imaging scheme and applying it to the (male) microgametes of malaria (Plasmodium) parasites. These isolated flagella are a unique, mathematically tractable model system for the physics of microswimmers. We reveal the 3D flagellar waveforms of these microorganisms and map the differential shear between microtubules in their axonemes. Furthermore, we overturn claims that chirality in the structure of the axoneme governs the beat pattern [Hirokawa N, et al. (2009) Ann Rev Fluid Mech 41:53-72], because microgametes display a left-or right-handed character on alternate beats. This breaks the link between structural chirality in the axoneme and larger scale symmetry breaking (e.g., in developing embryos), leading us to conclude that accessory structures play a critical role in shaping the flagellar beat.digital holographic microscopy | low Reynolds number | ciliary and flagellar motion | malaria transmission F lagella and cilia are ubiquitous across the eukaryotic domain.They perform critical roles such as the propulsion of microorganisms and sperm, sensory detection, and transport of fluids in the brain (1-3). Although the appearance of motile cilia and flagella can vary in different organisms, it is based on an underlying structural motif: a cylinder of nine microtubule doublets that move lengthwise relative to each other under the action of dynein molecules. The peripheral doublets in the axoneme often surround a central pair of singlet microtubules; the whole structure is then referred to as a "9+2" axoneme. Interestingly, motility does not seem to be contingent on the central microtubules. Motile flagella with three, one, or zero central microtubules (4, 5) have been reported. Dynein molecules are distributed along the length of each of the peripheral doublets asymmetrically. Viewed from the axoneme's basal end, the dyneins are permanently anchored to one doublet and face its clockwise neighbor, where they can attach and move longitudinally. This structural chirality has been invoked as the underlying cause of symmetry breaking in developing embryos (6). Certain "nodal" cilia present in the early stages of development have been shown to rotate consistently in the same direction, counterclockwise, viewed from the basal end. The collective effect from many such cilia is unidirectio...

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“…Pfg377 is a protein located in the osmiophilic bodies that plays a pivotal role in the biogenesis of these organelles, and parasites deficient in Pfg377 showed a reduced emergence of female gametes from RBCs (but no effect on male gametes) and reduced infectivity toward mosquitoes. PbGEST and the protein of early gametocyte 3 (PEG3) (also called male development 1 [MDV-1]) are released from osmiophilic bodies into the PV and are important for the egress of both male and female P. berghei gametocytes (112,143). Besides its role in vertebrate-mosquito transmission, PbGEST also functions in cell traversal by sporozoites, which is required for productive transmission back to the vertebrate host (143).…”

Section: Concerted Egress From the Vacuole And The Host Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prison Break: Pathogens' Strategies To Egress from Host Cells

Friedrich

Hagedorn

Soldati‐Favre

et al. 2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARYA wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and protozoa has adapted to an intracellular life-style, which presents several advantages, including accessibility to host cell metabolites and protection from the host immune system. Intracellular pathogens have developed strategies to enter and exit their host cells while optimizing survival and replication, progression through the life cycle, and transmission. Over the last decades, research has focused primarily on entry, while the exit process has suffered from neglect. However, pathogen exit is of fundamental importance because of its intimate association with dissemination, transmission, and inflammation. Hence, to fully understand virulence mechanisms of intracellular pathogens at cellular and systemic levels, it is essential to consider exit mechanisms to be a key step in infection. Exit from the host cell was initially viewed as a passive process, driven mainly by physical stress as a consequence of the explosive replication of the pathogen. It is now recognized as a complex, strategic process termed “egress,” which is just as well orchestrated and temporally defined as entry into the host and relies on a dynamic interplay between host and pathogen factors. This review compares egress strategies of bacteria, pathogenic yeast, and kinetoplastid and apicomplexan parasites. Emphasis is given to recent advances in the biology of egress in mycobacteria and apicomplexans.

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Egress ofPlasmodium bergheigametes from their host erythrocyte is mediated by the MDV-1/PEG3 protein

Cited by 109 publications

References 39 publications

The development of malaria parasites in the mosquito midgut

The development of malaria parasites in the mosquito midgut

High-speed holographic microscopy of malaria parasites reveals ambidextrous flagellar waveforms

Prison Break: Pathogens' Strategies To Egress from Host Cells

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