Egocentric reciprocity and the role of friendship and anger

Abstract

In this research, we examine the phenomenon of egocentric reciprocity, where individuals protect self-interest by adopting an eye-for-an-eye strategy in negatively imbalanced exchanges, and by taking advantage of overly generous treatment in positively imbalanced exchanges. We conducted two experiments using a modified ultimatum game examining attitudinal and behavioral responses to imbalanced exchanges. The experiments allowed us to explore the moderating role of relational closeness (i.e., whether the game partner was a friend or a stranger) and the mediating role of anger and indebtedness in these moderated relationships. Our results consistently demonstrate the phenomenon of egocentric reciprocity. Most importantly, this research reveals that friendship places a boundary on this egocentric tendency, and that the effects may partially be explained by anger experienced in response to exchange.

Egocentric norm in health‐based decision making of patients on the autistic spectrum

“…Sociology defines the term as a reduced or lack of capability of empathy 6 . In addition, sociology describes egocentric as an extreme orientation to self or similar to self 34,41–46 . Positive and negative imbalances in the roles for friendship and anger are attributed to egocentric reciprocity, where self‐interest is guarded and not shared with others 7,42 .…”

“…6 In addition, sociology describes egocentric as an extreme orientation to self or similar to self. 34,[41][42][43][44][45][46] Positive and negative imbalances in the roles for friendship and anger are attributed to egocentric reciprocity, where self-interest is guarded and not shared with others. 7,42 Methods for measuring, mapping, and analyzing social relationships between groups, organizations, and people is referred to as Social Network Analysis (SNA).…”

“…34,[41][42][43][44][45][46] Positive and negative imbalances in the roles for friendship and anger are attributed to egocentric reciprocity, where self-interest is guarded and not shared with others. 7,42 Methods for measuring, mapping, and analyzing social relationships between groups, organizations, and people is referred to as Social Network Analysis (SNA). 47,48 Two main SNA approaches are sociocentric (complete networks) and egocentric (individual, community, and groups).…”

“…Currently, there is no single scale that captures all four concept attributes. An extreme focus on self 2,36,43,61 Health symptoms may trigger decisions, as opposed to those healthcare issues that do not produce new or discomforting symptoms Decreased salience given to group or social norms when compared to adults who have not been diagnosed with HFA 3,38,41,42,60,62 If part of a high-risk group for a health concern, the group risk norms of disease occurrence may be given less attention than an adult without the diagnosis of HFA A reduced or nonexistent ability to understand and share others' feelings, often referred to as "mindblindness" 6,7,9 May result in less perception, adaptation, and response to health-related information and education, regardless if others are concerned for the individual Skewed self-cognition in relation to others 3,5,7,42,63 There is a lower ability to understand how personal health and health-based decisions may impact or connect to others including spouse and children…”

Social Support Exchange and Nurses’ Musculoskeletal Injuries in a Team Context: Anger as a Mediator

“…Based on the ERI model, perceived social support exchange imbalance is likely to relate to anger for two reasons. First, the unfairness associated with the perceived support exchange imbalance is likely to violate the employees' sense of self-worth (Straub & Murnighan, 1995), which in turn may elicit anger (Chen, Eberly, Bachrach, Wu, & Qu, 2017;Straub & Murnighan, 1995). Second, anger is most likely to result from a negative outcome that can be attributed to the responsibility of others (Weiss et al, 1999).…”