Eggs of the mosquito Aedes aegypti survive desiccation by rewiring their polyamine and lipid metabolism

Abstract

Upon water loss, some organisms pause their life cycles and escape death. While widespread in microbes, this is less common in animals. Aedes mosquitoes are vectors for viral diseases. Aedes eggs can survive dry environments, but molecular and cellular principles enabling egg survival through desiccation remain unknown. In this report, we find that Aedes aegypti eggs, in contrast to Anopheles stephensi, survive desiccation by acquiring desiccation tolerance at a late developmental stage. We uncover unique proteome and metabolic state changes in Aedes embryos during desiccation that reflect reduced central carbon metabolism, rewiring towards polyamine production, and enhanced lipid utilisation for energy and polyamine synthesis. Using inhibitors targeting these processes in blood-fed mosquitoes that lay eggs, we infer a two-step process of desiccation tolerance in Aedes eggs. The metabolic rewiring towards lipid breakdown and dependent polyamine accumulation confers resistance to desiccation. Furthermore, rapid lipid breakdown is required to fuel energetic requirements upon water reentry to enable larval hatching and survival upon rehydration. This study is fundamental to understanding Aedes embryo survival and in controlling the spread of these mosquitoes.

Role of homoeopathy of Ayush in dengue fever

“…The study cites that it is fundamental to understand Aedes embryo survival and in controlling the spread of these mosquitoes. 8 Hence, it is evident that the mosquito control measures need to be aggressive and for longer periods to control dengue fever.…”

“…Despite these variations, infection with each of the dengue serotypes results in the same disease and range of clinical symptoms. 2,3,[6][7][8] In the 1970s, both DEN-1 and DEN-2 were found in Central America and Africa, and all four serotypes were present in Southeast Asia. By 2004, however, the geographical distribution of the four serotypes had spread widely.…”

“…Scientists hypothesize that the dengue viruses evolved in nonhuman primates and jumped from these primates to humans in Africa or southeast Asia between 500 and 1,000 years ago. 2,3,[6][7][8] In October 2013, a fifth variant, DENV 5 was reported from samples taken from Sarawak state of Malaysia. After being infected with a serotype, a person is immune to re-infection with the same serotype.…”

“…Timely diagnosis and timely intervention will reduce the number of high risk cases in which the platelets drop significantly. 2,3,[6][7][8]13,14 Regarding symptoms, cases show sudden onset of persistence high grade fever. The infection is characterized by severe muscle spasms, joint pain, fever or particularly 7-day fever because of the usual duration of symptoms.…”

“…The peripheral blood picture (PBP) shows increase in red blood corpuscles (RBC) and a decrease in platelets. 2,3,[6][7][8][11][12][13][14] In severe cases like DHF, the patient has severe plasma leakage leading to a haemorrhagic shock, fluid retention in the pleural, abdominal cavities with severe breathing difficulty. All these complications lead to severe bleeding and eventually organ failure.…”