Egg Production, Diet Consumption, and Live Weight in Relation to the Free Gossypol Content of the Diet

Heywang, Burt W.; Bird, H. R.

doi:10.3382/ps.0330851

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The lack of an effect of either 10 or 20% GCSM or 10% CSM upon egg production or hatchability agrees with the reports of Heywang et al (1949), Heywang and Bird (1954), and Narain et al (1957) in which 10% of conventional CSM or free gossypol levels below .02% caused no effect on egg production or hatchability. El-Abbady et al (1975) reported reduced hatchability with .018% free gossypol.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In further studies, egg production and feed consumption were reduced when the 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. free gossypol content of the diet was .02% or higher (Heywang and Bird, 1954). Narain et al (1957) added cottonseed pigment glands to a laying hen diet and found that .02% free gossypol depressed feed consumption, and higher levels caused reduced body weight, egg production, and egg size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Glandless Cottonseed Meal for Laying and Breeding Hens and Broiler Chicks

et al. 1986

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The Acala C-9 variety of glandless cottonseed meal (GCSM) was tested for available gossypol in a 100-day feeding trial with laying hens. Corn-soybean diets incorporating GCSM at 10 and 20% were compared with diets formulated with Acala SJ-5, a commercially available cottonseed meal (CSM), at 10% and a control diet with no CSM. Each diet was fed to 25 hens. No detectable gossypol was found in the yolks of eggs from hens fed GCSM or the control diet, but gossypol was present when hens were fed the diet with CSM. Egg yolk discoloration in an ammonia atmosphere was noted in all of the eggs tested from the CSM-fed hens but only at a very low incidence in eggs from other groups. There were no differences between any of the four treatments in percent egg production, average egg weight, or hatchabihty.Broiler chicks were fed for 19 days diets with GCSM as the sole source of protein to determine the limiting amino acids. The diets contained 23% protein, 3200 kcal metabolizable energy/kg, and National Research Council levels of vitamins and minerals. Diets were supplemented with lysine, methionine, leucine, and isoleucine from 0 to .5% and were kept isonitrogenous with glutamic acid. Only lysine was limiting in GCSM for chick growth. Chick weights did not differ significantly from those fed an adequate reference diet if .3% lysine was added. (

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glandless Cottonseed Meal for Laying and Breeding Hens and Broiler Chicks

et al. 1986

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“…High levels of gossypol have been re-ported to depress feed intake and/or feed efficiency (Boatner et al, 1948;Heywang and Bird, 1954;Couch et al, 1955;Lipstein and Bornstein, 1964a, b). On the other hand, Heywang and Bird (1950) reported that increased levels of gossypol were not accompanied by lowered efficiency of feed utilization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…On the other hand, Heywang and Bird (1950) reported that increased levels of gossypol were not accompanied by lowered efficiency of feed utilization. Heywang and Bird (1954) showed that both feed consumption and egg production was adversely affected when the diets contained 160 p.p.m. or more free gossypol.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Tolerance Levels of Free Gossypol in Layer Diets as Influenced by Iron: Gossypol Ratios

Waldeoup

Goodner

1973

Poultry Science

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Studies were conducted with commercial egg production-type hens to attempt to more closely define the levels of gossypol which could be acceptable and to determine the effectiveness of iron salts in reducing or eliminating the gossypol-induced olive yolk discoloration over a wide range of gossypol levels.Rate of egg production, egg weight, interior egg quality and feed intake were not significantly depressed at dietary free gossypol levels up to 200 p.p.m. However, dietary levels greater than SO p.p.m. produced an increasing number of objectionable olive colored yolks. The addition of ferrous sulfate at 4:1 and 8:1 iron: gossypol ratios were fairly effective in eliminating the number of objectionable eggs up to 100 p.p.m. free gossypol but less effective at higher gossypol levels. ABSTRACTChicken pieces, which had been breaded and precooked under pressure in corn oil and frozen, were reheated in a microwave oven and evaluated for acceptability. The pieces were dipped in an egg wash, breaded, browned and cooked at 1.05 Kg./cm. 2 for 9.S min. Cooked pieces were frozen using air blast (-37°C), nitrogen (-57°C.) or Freon®-12 (-43°C.), packaged in polyethylene bags and stored at -18°C. for periods up to six months. Some samples were subjected to fluctuating storage temperatures. After storage, the chicken was reheated for l.S to 2.0 min. per piece or 1 min. per 100 g. and evaluated by a taste panel.Microwave energy provided a rapid method for thawing and reheating precooked and frozen chicken. Optimum reheating time for the oven used was 1 min. per 100 g. product. Products remained acceptable for more than four months when stored under constant -18°C. temperatures.Rapid freezing rates (nitrogen vapor, Freon®-12) did not increase acceptability of product over that frozen in air at -37°C.

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“…Both feed consumption and egg production were adversely affected when the diets contained 160 ppm or more free gossypol) Heywang & Birds, 1954). Feeding of 150 g regular cottonseed meal kg-1diet (101.5 ppm free gossypol in diet) signifi cantly reduced the egg production (Reid et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental toxicity of cottonseed extraction on chicken embryo

Sadighara¹,

Amoli²,

Ashrafihelan³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Cottonseed meal is widely used as one of the protein supplement in poultry diets. Its mechanism of toxic action on chicken embryo is poorly understood. In this study, direct effects and abnormalities of cottonseed on chicken embryo were studied. Oxidative stress, cholinergic stress, mineral analysis and microscopic lesions were analyzed in chicken embryo which injected cottonseed extraction in 0.1, 1 and 10 mg concentration (with free gossypol 0.25 ppm, 2.5 ppm and 25 ppm respectively) at day 4 of incubation. Higher group had 100% mortality. Serum of alive chicken embryo at day 20 of incubation were measured for FRAP (ferric reducing ability of serum), total SH groups assay, cholinesterase assay and potassium concentration. The results expressed as mean±SD show to increase oxidative stress, cholinergic stress but significant difference (p≤0.05) wasn't observed between groups. The significant difference was observed in potassium concentration in serum. Some evidence of hematotoxicity such as hemorrhage and higher number of puntate reticulocytes were detected. It is concluded, hematoxicity and hyperkalemia are toxicity mechanisms that could initiate in low concentrations of cottonseed in chick embryo.

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Egg Production, Diet Consumption, and Live Weight in Relation to the Free Gossypol Content of the Diet

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Glandless Cottonseed Meal for Laying and Breeding Hens and Broiler Chicks

Glandless Cottonseed Meal for Laying and Breeding Hens and Broiler Chicks

Tolerance Levels of Free Gossypol in Layer Diets as Influenced by Iron: Gossypol Ratios

The developmental toxicity of cottonseed extraction on chicken embryo

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